Category Archives: Data Analysis

Calculating simple portfolio statistics with R

02/26/2023Allgemein, Code, Data Analysis, Programming, R, StatisticsMartin Stoppacher

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# World Bank Data using WDI Package
# path: ~/ownCloud/
# file_name: 
# files_used: 
# files_created

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
#

rm(list = ls(all = TRUE))

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# packages

#install.packages("httr")
#install.packages("XML")
#install.packages('WDI')
#install.packages("magrittr")
#install.packages("tidyverse")
#install.packages("quantmod")
#install.packages("PerformanceAnalytics")
#install.packages("tidyquant")

library("httr")
library("XML")
library("magrittr")
library("tidyverse")
library("WDI")
library("quantmod")
library("PerformanceAnalytics")
#library("tidyquant")

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
#

system("ls")

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# using quantmod to collect data

# selecting the date while downloading

MCD <- quantmod::getSymbols("MCD",src = "yahoo", 
                            auto.assign=FALSE, 
                            from = "2007-06-01",
                            to = "2012-07-01" )

head(MCD)
tail(MCD)

# or download the available data and selecting later

MCD <- quantmod::getSymbols("MCD",src = "yahoo", 
                            auto.assign=FALSE )

head(MCD)
tail(MCD)

MCD <- MCD["2007-06-01/2012-07-01"]

head(MCD)
tail(MCD)

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# download monthly data 

MCD <- quantmod::getSymbols("MCD",src = "yahoo", 
                            auto.assign=FALSE, 
                            from = "2007-06-01",
                            to = "2012-07-01",
                            periodicity = "monthly" )

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# alternative ways

#stock_list <- c( "IBM", "MCD" )
#
#stocks_weekly <- tq_get(stock_list, 
#                        from = start_date, 
#                        to = end_date, 
#                        periodicity = "weekly")
#stocks_weekly 

#install.packages("BatchGetSymbols")
#library(BatchGetSymbols)

#stocks <- BatchGetSymbols( c( "IBM", "MCD" ), 
#                           first.date = "2007-06-01", 
#                           last.date = "2012-07-01", 
#                           freq.data = "monthly", 
#                           how.to.aggregate = 'first')
#stocks

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# for now lets use the example time series

IBM <- read.csv("IBM.csv")
MCD <- read.csv("MCD.csv")

head(IBM)
IBM$Adj.Close
MCD$Adj.Close

data <- data.frame(IBM$Adj.Close,MCD$Adj.Close)
data[,3] <- NA
data[,4] <- NA
data

log( IBM$Adj.Close[2] / IBM$Adj.Close[1] )
# log computes logarithms, by default natural logarithms, 
# log10 computes common (i.e., base 10) logarithms, and 
# log2 computes binary (i.e., base 2) logarithms. 

for(i in 2: length(data[,1]) ){
  data[i,3] <- ( log( data[i,1] / data[i-1,1] ) )
}
data

for(i in 2: length(data[,2]) ){
  data[i,4] <- ( log( data[i,2] / data[i-1,2] ) )
}
data

colnames(data)[3] <- "IBM.Adj.roc"
colnames(data)[4] <- "MCD.Adj.roc"

head( data )
#in comparison: the ROC function from the quantmod package
# computes the standard deviation of the values in x. If na.rm is TRUE 
# then missing values are removed before computation proceeds.
ROC( data$IBM.Adj.Close )
str( as.numeric( data$IBM.Adj.roc[2] ) )
str( as.numeric( ROC( data$IBM.Adj.Close )[2] ) )

as.numeric( ROC( data$IBM.Adj.Close ) ) == as.numeric( data$IBM.Adj.roc )
as.numeric( ROC( data$IBM.Adj.Close )[2] ) == as.numeric( data$IBM.Adj.roc[2] )

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# why are they not exactly the same? Starting with the 16th digit the 
# numbers differ.
# the continuous formulation of ROC is : roc <- diff(log(x), n, na.pad = na.pad)
# this gives the small difference compared to what we calculated first
# log( t / (t-1) )

# lets try the same 

diff( log( data$IBM.Adj.Close ) )

ROC( data$IBM.Adj.Close )[2:length(data$IBM.Adj.Close)] == 
  diff( log( data$IBM.Adj.Close ) )

# now it is exactly the same, but for practical reasons such 
# minuscule differences do not really matter. 

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# if we use the first 5 digits the numbers are exactly the same 

print( ROC( data$IBM.Adj.Close )[2], digits = 20 )
print( as.numeric( data$IBM.Adj.roc )[2], digits = 20 )

round( as.numeric( data$IBM.Adj.roc ), 5)
round( as.numeric( ROC( data$IBM.Adj.Close ) ), 5 )

round( as.numeric( data$IBM.Adj.roc ), 5) == 
  round( as.numeric( ROC( data$IBM.Adj.Close ) ), 5 )

#options( digits = 10 )      # Modify global options

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# the data preparation phase is somewhat more intensive if using
# a programming tool like R but in the long run i think
# i pays off by having more accessible data that can be processed in a 
# much faster way especially if it comes to big data applications 

summary( data )

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# calculating the mean with a function and out of the data

mean( na.omit( data[,3] ) )
mean( na.omit( data[,4] ) )

sum( na.omit( data[,3] ) ) / length( na.omit( data[,3] ) )
sum( na.omit( data[,4] ) ) / length( na.omit( data[,4] ) )

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# latex formulas

# Mean = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^{N} r_i     # population and sample mean

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
#

var( na.omit( data[,3] ) )

data[,3] - mean( na.omit( data[,3] ) )               #  demeaning
( data[,3] - mean( na.omit( data[,3] ) ) )^2         #  power of 2
sum( na.omit( ( data[,3] - mean( na.omit( data[,3] ) ) )^2 ) )  # sum with drop NA
sum( na.omit( ( data[,3] - mean( na.omit( data[,3] ) ) )^2 ) ) /
  ( length( na.omit( data[,3] ) ) - 1 )
# NA is also omitted for length and we use the sample variance 
# therefore we divide by (n-1)

var( na.omit( data[,4] ) )

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# latex formulas

# Var.p = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^{N} (r_i-\bar{r})^2
# Var.s = \frac{1}{N-1} \sum_{i=1}^{N} (r_i-\bar{r})^2

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
#

# stats::  calls the package directly
# this is not really necessary unless there are functions with the
# same name in different packages. Then one might be masked be the other 

# SD IBM

stats::sd( data[,3] , na.rm = TRUE )
sd( data[,3] , na.rm = TRUE )

# the squqre root of the variance gives us the standard deviation 
sqrt( var( na.omit( data[,3] ) ) )
# the long way:
sqrt(
  sum( na.omit( ( data[,3] - mean( na.omit( data[,3] ) ) )^2 ) ) /
    ( length( na.omit( data[,3] ) ) - 1 )
)

# SD MCD

stats::sd( data[,4] , na.rm = TRUE )

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# latex formulas standard deviation

#Stdev.p = \sqrt{ \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^{N} (r_i-\bar{r})^2 }
#Stdev.s = \sqrt{ \frac{1}{N-1} \sum_{i=1}^{N} (r_i-\bar{r})^2 }

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# calculate covariance

cov( na.omit(data$IBM.Adj.roc), na.omit(data$MCD.Adj.roc) )
# this gives the sample covariance

# calculation by hand
na.omit( data$IBM.Adj.roc ) - mean( na.omit( data$IBM.Adj.roc ) )
na.omit( data$MCD.Adj.roc ) - mean( na.omit( data$MCD.Adj.roc ) )

( na.omit( data$IBM.Adj.roc ) - mean( na.omit( data$IBM.Adj.roc ) ) )*
( na.omit( data$MCD.Adj.roc ) - mean( na.omit( data$MCD.Adj.roc ) ) )

sum( 
  ( na.omit( data$IBM.Adj.roc ) - mean( na.omit( data$IBM.Adj.roc ) ) )*
  ( na.omit( data$MCD.Adj.roc ) - mean( na.omit( data$MCD.Adj.roc ) ) ) 
  ) / 
  length( na.omit( data$IBM.Adj.roc ) ) * 60/59
  # length( na.omit( data$IBM.Adj.roc ) ) == 60

# Population covariance
#  * (n-1)/n    

cov( na.omit(data$IBM.Adj.roc), na.omit(data$MCD.Adj.roc) ) * (60-1)/60 

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# latex formulas Covariances

# Covariance.p = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{t=1}^{N} (r_{it}-\bar{r}_i)(r_{jt}-\bar{r}_j)
# Covariance.s = \frac{1}{N-1} \sum_{t=1}^{N} (r_{it}-\bar{r}_i)(r_{jt}-\bar{r}_j)

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# calculating correlation    -    sample correlation 

cor( na.omit(data$IBM.Adj.roc), na.omit(data$MCD.Adj.roc) )

cov( na.omit(data$IBM.Adj.roc), na.omit(data$MCD.Adj.roc) ) /
 ( sqrt( var( na.omit( data[,3] ) ) ) * sqrt( var( na.omit( data[,4] ) ) ) )

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# latex formulas Correlation

# Correl(i,j) = \frac{Covar.p(i,j)}{Stdev.p(i)*Stdev.p(j)} 

# the full formula 

# Correl(i,j) = \frac{Covariance.p = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{t=1}^{N} (r_{it}-\bar{r}_i)(r_{jt}-\bar{r}_j)}{Stdev.p_{(i)} = \sqrt{ \frac{1}{N} \sum_{t=1}^{N} (r_{it}-\bar{r}_i)^2 }*Stdev.p_{(j)} = \sqrt{ \frac{1}{N} \sum_{t=1}^{N} (r_{jt}-\bar{r}_j)^2 }} 

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# ploting return series 

plot( na.omit(data$IBM.Adj.roc), na.omit(data$MCD.Adj.roc),
      xlab = "IBM",
      ylab = "MCD", frame.plot = FALSE, 
      axes = TRUE, 
      xgap.axis = 4,
      ygap.axis = 4,pch=2)
model <- lm( na.omit(data$IBM.Adj.roc) ~ na.omit(data$MCD.Adj.roc) )
abline(model$coefficients, col="red")
abline( h=0, v=0, lty = 3 )

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# calculating portfolio performance 

data[,3:4]

ratio.ibm <- 0.5
ratio.mcd <- (1 - ratio.ibm)

data[,5] <- NA
data

for(i in 2: length(data[,3]) ){
  data[i,5] <- ( data[i,3] * ratio.ibm ) + ( data[i,4] * ratio.mcd )
}
colnames(data)[5] <- "portfolio.performance"
data
head( data )

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# portfolio performance values

mean( na.omit( data$portfolio.performance ) )
var( na.omit( data$portfolio.performance ) )
sqrt( var( na.omit( data$portfolio.performance ) ) )
# sd( na.omit( data$portfolio.performance ) )

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# calculating different portfolios

ratios <- seq( 0, 1, by = 0.1 )

result <- NULL

for(i in 1:length(ratios) ) {

ratio.ibm <- ratios[i]
ratio.mcd <- (1 - ratio.ibm)

data[,5] <- NA
data

for(i in 2: length(data[,3]) ){
  data[i,5] <- ( data[i,3] * ratio.ibm ) + ( data[i,4] * ratio.mcd )
}
colnames(data)[5] <- "portfolio.performance"
m <- mean( na.omit( data$portfolio.performance ) )
s <- sqrt( var( na.omit( data$portfolio.performance ) ) )

frame <- data.frame( m, s )
result <- data.frame( rbind( result, frame ) )

}

result

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# ploting values


plot( result$s, result$m,
      type = "b",
      xlab = "PF-SD",
      ylab = "PF-Return", frame.plot = FALSE, 
      axes = TRUE, 
      xgap.axis = 4,
      ygap.axis = 4,pch=2)
#model <- lm( result$m ~ result$s )
#abline(model$coefficients, col="red")

plot( result$s, result$m,
      type = "b",
      xlim = c(0.035,0.06),
      ylim = c(0.0117,0.0122),
      xlab = "PF-SD",
      ylab = "PF-Return", frame.plot = FALSE, 
      axes = TRUE, 
      xgap.axis = 4,
      ygap.axis = 4,
      pch=2)


# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# calculating more portfolios values including the option for shorting

ratios <- seq( -3, 3, by = 0.1 )

result <- NULL

for(i in 1:length(ratios) ) {
  
  ratio.ibm <- ratios[i]
  ratio.mcd <- (1 - ratio.ibm)
  
  data[,5] <- NA
  data
  
  for(i in 2: length(data[,3]) ){
    data[i,5] <- ( data[i,3] * ratio.ibm ) + ( data[i,4] * ratio.mcd )
  }
  colnames(data)[5] <- "portfolio.performance"
  m <- mean( na.omit( data$portfolio.performance ) )
  s <- sqrt( var( na.omit( data$portfolio.performance ) ) )
  
  frame <- data.frame( m, s, ratio.ibm, ratio.mcd )
  result <- data.frame( rbind( result, frame ) )
  
}

result

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# ploting values


plot( result$s, result$m,
      type = "b",
      xlab = "PF-SD",
      ylab = "PF-Return", frame.plot = FALSE, 
      axes = TRUE, 
      xgap.axis = 4,
      ygap.axis = 4,pch=2)

which( round( result$s,4) == round(min( result$s ),4) )
sep.line <- result[which( round( result$s,4) == round(min( result$s ),4) ),1]
abline( h = sep.line , lty = 3, col = "red")


# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# The next step would be to calculate values for n asset portfolio 

min( result$s )
dplyr::filter( result, s == min( result$s ) )

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# latex vector notation

#  x=\begin{bmatrix} x_1 \\ x_2 \\ ... \\ x_N \end{bmatrix}

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# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# World Bank Data using WDI Package

# path: ~/ownCloud/

# file_name:

# files_used:

# files_created

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

rm(list = ls(all = TRUE))

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# packages

#install.packages("httr")

#install.packages("XML")

#install.packages('WDI')

#install.packages("magrittr")

#install.packages("tidyverse")

#install.packages("quantmod")

#install.packages("PerformanceAnalytics")

#install.packages("tidyquant")

library("httr")

library("XML")

library("magrittr")

library("tidyverse")

library("WDI")

library("quantmod")

library("PerformanceAnalytics")

#library("tidyquant")

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

system("ls")

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# using quantmod to collect data

# selecting the date while downloading

MCD <- quantmod::getSymbols("MCD",src = "yahoo",

auto.assign=FALSE,

from = "2007-06-01",

to = "2012-07-01" )

head(MCD)

tail(MCD)

# or download the available data and selecting later

MCD <- quantmod::getSymbols("MCD",src = "yahoo",

auto.assign=FALSE )

head(MCD)

tail(MCD)

MCD <- MCD["2007-06-01/2012-07-01"]

head(MCD)

tail(MCD)

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# download monthly data

MCD <- quantmod::getSymbols("MCD",src = "yahoo",

auto.assign=FALSE,

from = "2007-06-01",

to = "2012-07-01",

periodicity = "monthly" )

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# alternative ways

#stock_list <- c( "IBM", "MCD" )

#stocks_weekly <- tq_get(stock_list,

# from = start_date,

# to = end_date,

# periodicity = "weekly")

#stocks_weekly

#install.packages("BatchGetSymbols")

#library(BatchGetSymbols)

#stocks <- BatchGetSymbols( c( "IBM", "MCD" ),

# first.date = "2007-06-01",

# last.date = "2012-07-01",

# freq.data = "monthly",

# how.to.aggregate = 'first')

#stocks

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# for now lets use the example time series

IBM <- read.csv("IBM.csv")

MCD <- read.csv("MCD.csv")

head(IBM)

IBM$Adj.Close

MCD$Adj.Close

data <- data.frame(IBM$Adj.Close,MCD$Adj.Close)

data[,3] <- NA

data[,4] <- NA

data

log( IBM$Adj.Close[2] / IBM$Adj.Close[1] )

# log computes logarithms, by default natural logarithms,

# log10 computes common (i.e., base 10) logarithms, and

# log2 computes binary (i.e., base 2) logarithms.

for(i in 2: length(data[,1]) ){

data[i,3] <- ( log( data[i,1] / data[i-1,1] ) )

}

data

for(i in 2: length(data[,2]) ){

data[i,4] <- ( log( data[i,2] / data[i-1,2] ) )

}

data

colnames(data)[3] <- "IBM.Adj.roc"

colnames(data)[4] <- "MCD.Adj.roc"

head( data )

#in comparison: the ROC function from the quantmod package

# computes the standard deviation of the values in x. If na.rm is TRUE

# then missing values are removed before computation proceeds.

ROC( data$IBM.Adj.Close )

str( as.numeric( data$IBM.Adj.roc[2] ) )

str( as.numeric( ROC( data$IBM.Adj.Close )[2] ) )

as.numeric( ROC( data$IBM.Adj.Close ) ) == as.numeric( data$IBM.Adj.roc )

as.numeric( ROC( data$IBM.Adj.Close )[2] ) == as.numeric( data$IBM.Adj.roc[2] )

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# why are they not exactly the same? Starting with the 16th digit the

# numbers differ.

# the continuous formulation of ROC is : roc <- diff(log(x), n, na.pad = na.pad)

# this gives the small difference compared to what we calculated first

# log( t / (t-1) )

# lets try the same

diff( log( data$IBM.Adj.Close ) )

ROC( data$IBM.Adj.Close )[2:length(data$IBM.Adj.Close)] ==

diff( log( data$IBM.Adj.Close ) )

# now it is exactly the same, but for practical reasons such

# minuscule differences do not really matter.

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# if we use the first 5 digits the numbers are exactly the same

print( ROC( data$IBM.Adj.Close )[2], digits = 20 )

print( as.numeric( data$IBM.Adj.roc )[2], digits = 20 )

round( as.numeric( data$IBM.Adj.roc ), 5)

round( as.numeric( ROC( data$IBM.Adj.Close ) ), 5 )

round( as.numeric( data$IBM.Adj.roc ), 5) ==

round( as.numeric( ROC( data$IBM.Adj.Close ) ), 5 )

#options( digits = 10 ) # Modify global options

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# the data preparation phase is somewhat more intensive if using

# a programming tool like R but in the long run i think

# i pays off by having more accessible data that can be processed in a

# much faster way especially if it comes to big data applications

summary( data )

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# calculating the mean with a function and out of the data

mean( na.omit( data[,3] ) )

mean( na.omit( data[,4] ) )

sum( na.omit( data[,3] ) ) / length( na.omit( data[,3] ) )

sum( na.omit( data[,4] ) ) / length( na.omit( data[,4] ) )

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# latex formulas

# Mean = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^{N} r_i # population and sample mean

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

var( na.omit( data[,3] ) )

data[,3] - mean( na.omit( data[,3] ) ) # demeaning

( data[,3] - mean( na.omit( data[,3] ) ) )^2 # power of 2

sum( na.omit( ( data[,3] - mean( na.omit( data[,3] ) ) )^2 ) ) # sum with drop NA

sum( na.omit( ( data[,3] - mean( na.omit( data[,3] ) ) )^2 ) ) /

( length( na.omit( data[,3] ) ) - 1 )

# NA is also omitted for length and we use the sample variance

# therefore we divide by (n-1)

var( na.omit( data[,4] ) )

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# latex formulas

# Var.p = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^{N} (r_i-\bar{r})^2

# Var.s = \frac{1}{N-1} \sum_{i=1}^{N} (r_i-\bar{r})^2

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# stats:: calls the package directly

# this is not really necessary unless there are functions with the

# same name in different packages. Then one might be masked be the other

# SD IBM

stats::sd( data[,3] , na.rm = TRUE )

sd( data[,3] , na.rm = TRUE )

# the squqre root of the variance gives us the standard deviation

sqrt( var( na.omit( data[,3] ) ) )

# the long way:

sqrt(

sum( na.omit( ( data[,3] - mean( na.omit( data[,3] ) ) )^2 ) ) /

( length( na.omit( data[,3] ) ) - 1 )

)

# SD MCD

stats::sd( data[,4] , na.rm = TRUE )

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# latex formulas standard deviation

#Stdev.p = \sqrt{ \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^{N} (r_i-\bar{r})^2 }

#Stdev.s = \sqrt{ \frac{1}{N-1} \sum_{i=1}^{N} (r_i-\bar{r})^2 }

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# calculate covariance

cov( na.omit(data$IBM.Adj.roc), na.omit(data$MCD.Adj.roc) )

# this gives the sample covariance

# calculation by hand

na.omit( data$IBM.Adj.roc ) - mean( na.omit( data$IBM.Adj.roc ) )

na.omit( data$MCD.Adj.roc ) - mean( na.omit( data$MCD.Adj.roc ) )

( na.omit( data$IBM.Adj.roc ) - mean( na.omit( data$IBM.Adj.roc ) ) )*

( na.omit( data$MCD.Adj.roc ) - mean( na.omit( data$MCD.Adj.roc ) ) )

sum(

( na.omit( data$IBM.Adj.roc ) - mean( na.omit( data$IBM.Adj.roc ) ) )*

( na.omit( data$MCD.Adj.roc ) - mean( na.omit( data$MCD.Adj.roc ) ) )

) /

length( na.omit( data$IBM.Adj.roc ) ) * 60/59

# length( na.omit( data$IBM.Adj.roc ) ) == 60

# Population covariance

# * (n-1)/n

cov( na.omit(data$IBM.Adj.roc), na.omit(data$MCD.Adj.roc) ) * (60-1)/60

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# latex formulas Covariances

# Covariance.p = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{t=1}^{N} (r_{it}-\bar{r}_i)(r_{jt}-\bar{r}_j)

# Covariance.s = \frac{1}{N-1} \sum_{t=1}^{N} (r_{it}-\bar{r}_i)(r_{jt}-\bar{r}_j)

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# calculating correlation - sample correlation

cor( na.omit(data$IBM.Adj.roc), na.omit(data$MCD.Adj.roc) )

cov( na.omit(data$IBM.Adj.roc), na.omit(data$MCD.Adj.roc) ) /

( sqrt( var( na.omit( data[,3] ) ) ) * sqrt( var( na.omit( data[,4] ) ) ) )

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# latex formulas Correlation

# Correl(i,j) = \frac{Covar.p(i,j)}{Stdev.p(i)*Stdev.p(j)}

# the full formula

# Correl(i,j) = \frac{Covariance.p = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{t=1}^{N} (r_{it}-\bar{r}_i)(r_{jt}-\bar{r}_j)}{Stdev.p_{(i)} = \sqrt{ \frac{1}{N} \sum_{t=1}^{N} (r_{it}-\bar{r}_i)^2 }*Stdev.p_{(j)} = \sqrt{ \frac{1}{N} \sum_{t=1}^{N} (r_{jt}-\bar{r}_j)^2 }}

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# ploting return series

plot( na.omit(data$IBM.Adj.roc), na.omit(data$MCD.Adj.roc),

xlab = "IBM",

ylab = "MCD", frame.plot = FALSE,

axes = TRUE,

xgap.axis = 4,

ygap.axis = 4,pch=2)

model <- lm( na.omit(data$IBM.Adj.roc) ~ na.omit(data$MCD.Adj.roc) )

abline(model$coefficients, col="red")

abline( h=0, v=0, lty = 3 )

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# calculating portfolio performance

data[,3:4]

ratio.ibm <- 0.5

ratio.mcd <- (1 - ratio.ibm)

data[,5] <- NA

data

for(i in 2: length(data[,3]) ){

data[i,5] <- ( data[i,3] * ratio.ibm ) + ( data[i,4] * ratio.mcd )

}

colnames(data)[5] <- "portfolio.performance"

data

head( data )

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# portfolio performance values

mean( na.omit( data$portfolio.performance ) )

var( na.omit( data$portfolio.performance ) )

sqrt( var( na.omit( data$portfolio.performance ) ) )

# sd( na.omit( data$portfolio.performance ) )

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# calculating different portfolios

ratios <- seq( 0, 1, by = 0.1 )

result <- NULL

for(i in 1:length(ratios) ) {

ratio.ibm <- ratios[i]

ratio.mcd <- (1 - ratio.ibm)

data[,5] <- NA

data

for(i in 2: length(data[,3]) ){

data[i,5] <- ( data[i,3] * ratio.ibm ) + ( data[i,4] * ratio.mcd )

}

colnames(data)[5] <- "portfolio.performance"

m <- mean( na.omit( data$portfolio.performance ) )

s <- sqrt( var( na.omit( data$portfolio.performance ) ) )

frame <- data.frame( m, s )

result <- data.frame( rbind( result, frame ) )

}

result

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# ploting values

plot( result$s, result$m,

type = "b",

xlab = "PF-SD",

ylab = "PF-Return", frame.plot = FALSE,

axes = TRUE,

xgap.axis = 4,

ygap.axis = 4,pch=2)

#model <- lm( result$m ~ result$s )

#abline(model$coefficients, col="red")

plot( result$s, result$m,

type = "b",

xlim = c(0.035,0.06),

ylim = c(0.0117,0.0122),

xlab = "PF-SD",

ylab = "PF-Return", frame.plot = FALSE,

axes = TRUE,

xgap.axis = 4,

ygap.axis = 4,

pch=2)

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# calculating more portfolios values including the option for shorting

ratios <- seq( -3, 3, by = 0.1 )

result <- NULL

for(i in 1:length(ratios) ) {

ratio.ibm <- ratios[i]

ratio.mcd <- (1 - ratio.ibm)

data[,5] <- NA

data

for(i in 2: length(data[,3]) ){

data[i,5] <- ( data[i,3] * ratio.ibm ) + ( data[i,4] * ratio.mcd )

}

colnames(data)[5] <- "portfolio.performance"

m <- mean( na.omit( data$portfolio.performance ) )

s <- sqrt( var( na.omit( data$portfolio.performance ) ) )

frame <- data.frame( m, s, ratio.ibm, ratio.mcd )

result <- data.frame( rbind( result, frame ) )

}

result

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# ploting values

plot( result$s, result$m,

type = "b",

xlab = "PF-SD",

ylab = "PF-Return", frame.plot = FALSE,

axes = TRUE,

xgap.axis = 4,

ygap.axis = 4,pch=2)

which( round( result$s,4) == round(min( result$s ),4) )

sep.line <- result[which( round( result$s,4) == round(min( result$s ),4) ),1]

abline( h = sep.line , lty = 3, col = "red")

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# The next step would be to calculate values for n asset portfolio

min( result$s )

dplyr::filter( result, s == min( result$s ) )

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# latex vector notation

# x=\begin{bmatrix} x_1 \\ x_2 \\ ... \\ x_N \end{bmatrix}

Data examples using World Bank Data

03/03/2021Allgemein, Code, Data Analysis, Programming, R, StatisticsMartin Stoppacher

Data examples using World Bank Data in combination with the ggplot package in R.

Tidyverse methods and functions were used to generate a combined data frame (tibble) for all countries and indicators.

countries.wb.data.map %&gt;% filter( country == c("Afghanistan","Germany","Mexico") ) %&gt;% ggplot( aes( x = `year` , y = `Population, total`, #size = `Population, total`, col = `country` #chape = `Region` ) ) + geom_point( ) + labs( title = "Population" )

1	countries.wb.data.map %>% filter( country == c("Afghanistan","Germany","Mexico") ) %>% ggplot( aes( x = `year` , y = `Population, total`, #size = `Population, total`, col = `country` #chape = `Region` ) ) + geom_point( ) + labs( title = "Population" )

countries.wb.data.map %>%
  filter( year > 2017 ) %>%
  filter( year < 2019 )  %>%
  #filter( country == c("Austria","Germany","France") ) %>%
  ggplot( aes( x = log( `GDP (constant 2010 US$)` ) , 
               y = `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)`,
               size = `Population, total`,
               shape = `IncomeGroup`,
               col = `Region`
               #shape = as.character(`year`)
  ) ) +
  geom_point( ) +
  labs( title = "log( `GDP (constant 2010 US$)` ) vs. Fertility rate, total (births per woman)" )

countries.wb.data.map %>%

filter( year > 2017 ) %>%

filter( year < 2019 ) %>%

#filter( country == c("Austria","Germany","France") ) %>%

ggplot( aes( x = log( `GDP (constant 2010 US$)` ) ,

y = `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)`,

size = `Population, total`,

shape = `IncomeGroup`,

col = `Region`

#shape = as.character(`year`)

) ) +

geom_point( ) +

labs( title = "log( `GDP (constant 2010 US$)` ) vs. Fertility rate, total (births per woman)" )

countries.wb.data.map %&gt;%
  filter( year &gt; 2017 ) %&gt;%
  filter( year &lt; 2019 )  %&gt;%
  #filter( country == c("Austria","Germany","France") ) %&gt;%
  ggplot( aes( x = `GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)`, 
               y = `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)`,
               #size = `Population, total`,
               shape = `IncomeGroup`,
               col = `Region`
               #shape = as.character(`year`)
  ) ) +
  geom_point( ) +
  labs( title = "GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$) vs Fertility rate, total (births per woman)" ) +
  geom_label_repel( aes( label = ifelse( `IncomeGroup` == "Low income", 
                                         country,
                                         "" ) ), 
                    hjust=0, 
                    #vjust=0.5,
                    #nudge_y       = 7, 
                    nudge_x       = 150000, 
                    #force         = 100,
                    box.padding   = 0.35, 
                    point.padding = 0.2,
                    segment.color = "lightgray",
                    direction     = "y",    # limits movement to x axis
                    #color = "white",
                    arrow = arrow(
                      length = unit(0.03, "npc"), 
                      type = "closed", 
                      ends = "first"
                    ) ) +
  #xlim( - 100, 60000000000000)  +
  #scale_x_continuous( expand = expand_scale(mult = c( 0.4, 0.4 ))) +
  #scale_y_continuous( expand = expand_scale(mult = c( 0.1, 0.1))) + 
  theme_bw()

countries.wb.data.map %>%

filter( year > 2017 ) %>%

filter( year < 2019 ) %>%

#filter( country == c("Austria","Germany","France") ) %>%

ggplot( aes( x = `GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)`,

y = `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)`,

#size = `Population, total`,

shape = `IncomeGroup`,

col = `Region`

#shape = as.character(`year`)

) ) +

geom_point( ) +

labs( title = "GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$) vs Fertility rate, total (births per woman)" ) +

geom_label_repel( aes( label = ifelse( `IncomeGroup` == "Low income",

country,

"" ) ),

hjust=0,

#vjust=0.5,

#nudge_y = 7,

nudge_x = 150000,

#force = 100,

box.padding = 0.35,

point.padding = 0.2,

segment.color = "lightgray",

direction = "y", # limits movement to x axis

#color = "white",

arrow = arrow(

length = unit(0.03, "npc"),

type = "closed",

ends = "first"

) ) +

#xlim( - 100, 60000000000000) +

#scale_x_continuous( expand = expand_scale(mult = c( 0.4, 0.4 ))) +

#scale_y_continuous( expand = expand_scale(mult = c( 0.1, 0.1))) +

theme_bw()

countries.wb.data.map %>%
  filter( year > 2017 ) %>%
  filter( year < 2019 )  %>%
  #filter( country == c("Austria","Germany","France") ) %>%
  ggplot( aes( x = `GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)`, 
               y = `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)`,
               #size = `Population, total`,
               #shape = `IncomeGroup`,
               col = `IncomeGroup`
               #shape = as.character(`year`)
  ) ) +
  geom_point( ) + 
  geom_line() +
  geom_smooth() +
  theme_bw() +
  labs( title = "log( GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$) ) - Fertility rate, total (births per woman) " ) +
  xlim( 0, 50000 )

countries.wb.data.map %>%

filter( year > 2017 ) %>%

filter( year < 2019 ) %>%

#filter( country == c("Austria","Germany","France") ) %>%

ggplot( aes( x = `GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)`,

y = `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)`,

#size = `Population, total`,

#shape = `IncomeGroup`,

col = `IncomeGroup`

#shape = as.character(`year`)

) ) +

geom_point( ) +

geom_line() +

geom_smooth() +

theme_bw() +

labs( title = "log( GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$) ) - Fertility rate, total (births per woman) " ) +

xlim( 0, 50000 )

countries.wb.data.map %>%
  filter( year > 2017 ) %>%
  filter( year < 2019 )  %>%
  #filter( country == c("Austria","Germany","France") ) %>%
  ggplot( aes( x = log( `GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)` ), 
               y = `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)`,
               #size = `Population, total`,
               #shape = `IncomeGroup`,
               col = `IncomeGroup`
               #shape = as.character(`year`)
  ) ) +
  geom_point( ) + 
  geom_line() +
  geom_smooth() +
  theme_bw() +
  labs( title = "log( GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$) ) - Fertility rate, total (births per woman) " )

countries.wb.data.map %>%

filter( year > 2017 ) %>%

filter( year < 2019 ) %>%

#filter( country == c("Austria","Germany","France") ) %>%

ggplot( aes( x = log( `GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)` ),

y = `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)`,

#size = `Population, total`,

#shape = `IncomeGroup`,

col = `IncomeGroup`

#shape = as.character(`year`)

) ) +

geom_point( ) +

geom_line() +

geom_smooth() +

theme_bw() +

labs( title = "log( GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$) ) - Fertility rate, total (births per woman) " )

countries.wb.data.map %>%
  filter( year > 2017 ) %>%
  filter( year < 2019 )  %>%
  #filter( country == c("Austria","Germany","France") ) %>%
  ggplot( aes( x = log( `GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)` ), 
               y = `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)`
               #size = `Population, total`,
               #shape = `IncomeGroup`,
               #col = `Region`
               #shape = as.character(`year`)
  ) ) + 
  geom_line() +
  geom_smooth() +
  labs( title = "GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$) vs Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 2018" ) +
  geom_point( aes( x = log( `GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)` ), 
                   y = `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)`,
                   #size = `IncomeGroup`,
                   shape = `IncomeGroup`,
                   col = `Region`
                   #shape = as.character(`year`)
  )  ) +
  geom_label_repel( aes( label = ifelse( `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)` > 5, 
                                         `country`,
                                         "" ) ), 
                    hjust=0, 
                    #vjust=4,
                    #nudge_y       = 7, 
                    nudge_x       = 11, 
                    #force         = 100,
                    #box.padding   = 0.9, 
                    #point.padding = 0.2,
                    segment.color = "lightgray",
                    direction     = "y"    # limits movement to x axis
                    #color = "white",
                    #arrow = arrow(
                    #  length = unit(0.03, "npc"), 
                    #  type = "closed", 
                    #  ends = "first" )
  ) +
  geom_label_repel( aes( label = ifelse( `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)` < 1.25, 
                                         `country`,
                                         "" ) ), 
                    #hjust=5, 
                    #vjust=2,
                    #nudge_y       = 0, 
                    nudge_x       = -11, 
                    #force         = 100,
                    #box.padding   = 0.9, 
                    point.padding = 0.2,
                    segment.color = "lightgray",
                    direction     = "y"    # limits movement to x axis
                    #color = "white",
                    #arrow = arrow(
                    #  length = unit(0.03, "npc"), 
                    #  type = "closed", 
                    #  ends = "first" )
  )

countries.wb.data.map %>%

filter( year > 2017 ) %>%

filter( year < 2019 ) %>%

#filter( country == c("Austria","Germany","France") ) %>%

ggplot( aes( x = log( `GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)` ),

y = `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)`

#size = `Population, total`,

#shape = `IncomeGroup`,

#col = `Region`

#shape = as.character(`year`)

) ) +

geom_line() +

geom_smooth() +

labs( title = "GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$) vs Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 2018" ) +

geom_point( aes( x = log( `GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)` ),

y = `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)`,

#size = `IncomeGroup`,

shape = `IncomeGroup`,

col = `Region`

#shape = as.character(`year`)

) ) +

geom_label_repel( aes( label = ifelse( `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)` > 5,

`country`,

"" ) ),

hjust=0,

#vjust=4,

#nudge_y = 7,

nudge_x = 11,

#force = 100,

#box.padding = 0.9,

#point.padding = 0.2,

segment.color = "lightgray",

direction = "y" # limits movement to x axis

#color = "white",

#arrow = arrow(

# length = unit(0.03, "npc"),

# type = "closed",

# ends = "first" )

) +

geom_label_repel( aes( label = ifelse( `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)` < 1.25,

`country`,

"" ) ),

#hjust=5,

#vjust=2,

#nudge_y = 0,

nudge_x = -11,

#force = 100,

#box.padding = 0.9,

point.padding = 0.2,

segment.color = "lightgray",

direction = "y" # limits movement to x axis

#color = "white",

#arrow = arrow(

# length = unit(0.03, "npc"),

# type = "closed",

# ends = "first" )

)

countries.wb.data.map %>%
  filter( year > 1980 ) %>%
  filter( year < 1982 )  %>%
  #filter( country == c("Austria","Germany","France") ) %>%
  ggplot( aes( x = log( `GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)` ), 
               y = `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)`
               #size = `Population, total`,
               #shape = `IncomeGroup`,
               #col = `Region`
               #shape = as.character(`year`)
  ) ) + 
  geom_line() +
  geom_smooth() +
  labs( title = "GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$) vs Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 1981" ) +
  geom_point( aes( x = log( `GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)` ), 
                   y = `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)`,
                   #size = `IncomeGroup`,
                   shape = `IncomeGroup`,
                   col = `Region`
                   #shape = as.character(`year`)
  )  ) +
  geom_label_repel( aes( label = ifelse( `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)` > 7.3, 
                                         `country`,
                                         "" ) ), 
                    hjust=0, 
                    #vjust=4,
                    #nudge_y       = 7, 
                    nudge_x       = 11, 
                    #force         = 100,
                    #box.padding   = 0.9, 
                    #point.padding = 0.2,
                    segment.color = "lightgray",
                    direction     = "y"    # limits movement to x axis
                    #color = "white",
                    #arrow = arrow(
                    #  length = unit(0.03, "npc"), 
                    #  type = "closed", 
                    #  ends = "first" )
  ) +
  geom_label_repel( aes( label = ifelse( `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)` < 1.8, 
                                         `country`,
                                         "" ) ), 
                    #hjust=5, 
                    #vjust=2,
                    #nudge_y       = 0, 
                    nudge_x       = -11, 
                    #force         = 100,
                    #box.padding   = 0.9, 
                    point.padding = 0.2,
                    segment.color = "lightgray",
                    direction     = "y"    # limits movement to x axis
                    #color = "white",
                    #arrow = arrow(
                    #  length = unit(0.03, "npc"), 
                    #  type = "closed", 
                    #  ends = "first" )
  )

countries.wb.data.map %>%

filter( year > 1980 ) %>%

filter( year < 1982 ) %>%

#filter( country == c("Austria","Germany","France") ) %>%

ggplot( aes( x = log( `GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)` ),

y = `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)`

#size = `Population, total`,

#shape = `IncomeGroup`,

#col = `Region`

#shape = as.character(`year`)

) ) +

geom_line() +

geom_smooth() +

labs( title = "GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$) vs Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 1981" ) +

geom_point( aes( x = log( `GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)` ),

y = `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)`,

#size = `IncomeGroup`,

shape = `IncomeGroup`,

col = `Region`

#shape = as.character(`year`)

) ) +

geom_label_repel( aes( label = ifelse( `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)` > 7.3,

`country`,

"" ) ),

hjust=0,

#vjust=4,

#nudge_y = 7,

nudge_x = 11,

#force = 100,

#box.padding = 0.9,

#point.padding = 0.2,

segment.color = "lightgray",

direction = "y" # limits movement to x axis

#color = "white",

#arrow = arrow(

# length = unit(0.03, "npc"),

# type = "closed",

# ends = "first" )

) +

geom_label_repel( aes( label = ifelse( `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)` < 1.8,

`country`,

"" ) ),

#hjust=5,

#vjust=2,

#nudge_y = 0,

nudge_x = -11,

#force = 100,

#box.padding = 0.9,

point.padding = 0.2,

segment.color = "lightgray",

direction = "y" # limits movement to x axis

#color = "white",

#arrow = arrow(

# length = unit(0.03, "npc"),

# type = "closed",

# ends = "first" )

)

countries.wb.data.map %>%
  filter( country == c("Austria","Germany", "France" ) ) %>%
  filter( year > 1960 ) %>%
  filter( year < 2019 ) %>%
  ggplot( aes( x = log( `GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)` ), 
               y = `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)`,
               #size = `Population, total`,
               #shape = `IncomeGroup`,
               col = `country`
               #shape = as.character(`year`)
  ) ) +
  geom_line( ) +
  geom_smooth() +
  geom_point( ) +
  geom_label_repel( aes( label = ifelse( `country` == "France", 
                                         `year`,
                                         "" ) ), 
                    #hjust=3, 
                    #vjust=-4,
                    nudge_y       = 1, 
                    #nudge_x       = 9, 
                    #force         = 100,
                    #box.padding   = 0.9, 
                    #point.padding = 0.2,
                    segment.color = "lightgray",
                    direction     = "y"    # limits movement to x axis
                    #color = "white",
                    #arrow = arrow(
                    #  length = unit(0.03, "npc"), 
                    #  type = "closed", 
                    #  ends = "first" )
  ) +
  geom_label_repel( aes( label = ifelse( `country` == "Austria", 
                                         `year`,
                                         "" ) ), 
                    #hjust=3, 
                    #vjust=-3,
                    #nudge_y       = 1, 
                    nudge_x       = -3, 
                    #force         = 100,
                    #box.padding   = 0.9, 
                    #point.padding = 0.2,
                    segment.color = "lightgray",
                    direction     = "x"    # limits movement to x axis
                    #color = "white",
                    #arrow = arrow(
                    #  length = unit(0.03, "npc"), 
                    #  type = "closed", 
                    #  ends = "first" )
  ) +
  geom_label_repel( aes( label = ifelse( `country` == "Germany", 
                                         `year`,
                                         "" ) ), 
                    #hjust=3, 
                    #vjust=2,
                    nudge_y       = -4, 
                    #nudge_x       = 9, 
                    #force         = 100,
                    #box.padding   = 0.9, 
                    #point.padding = 0.2,
                    segment.color = "lightgray",
                    direction     = "y"    # limits movement to x axis
                    #color = "white",
                    #arrow = arrow(
                    #  length = unit(0.03, "npc"), 
                    #  type = "closed", 
                    #  ends = "first" )
  )  +
  theme_bw() +
  labs( title = "log( `GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)` ) - Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 1961 - 2018" )

countries.wb.data.map %>%

filter( country == c("Austria","Germany", "France" ) ) %>%

filter( year > 1960 ) %>%

filter( year < 2019 ) %>%

ggplot( aes( x = log( `GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)` ),

y = `Fertility rate, total (births per woman)`,

#size = `Population, total`,

#shape = `IncomeGroup`,

col = `country`

#shape = as.character(`year`)

) ) +

geom_line( ) +

geom_smooth() +

geom_point( ) +

geom_label_repel( aes( label = ifelse( `country` == "France",

`year`,

"" ) ),

#hjust=3,

#vjust=-4,

nudge_y = 1,

#nudge_x = 9,

#force = 100,

#box.padding = 0.9,

#point.padding = 0.2,

segment.color = "lightgray",

direction = "y" # limits movement to x axis

#color = "white",

#arrow = arrow(

# length = unit(0.03, "npc"),

# type = "closed",

# ends = "first" )

) +

geom_label_repel( aes( label = ifelse( `country` == "Austria",

`year`,

"" ) ),

#hjust=3,

#vjust=-3,

#nudge_y = 1,

nudge_x = -3,

#force = 100,

#box.padding = 0.9,

#point.padding = 0.2,

segment.color = "lightgray",

direction = "x" # limits movement to x axis

#color = "white",

#arrow = arrow(

# length = unit(0.03, "npc"),

# type = "closed",

# ends = "first" )

) +

geom_label_repel( aes( label = ifelse( `country` == "Germany",

`year`,

"" ) ),

#hjust=3,

#vjust=2,

nudge_y = -4,

#nudge_x = 9,

#force = 100,

#box.padding = 0.9,

#point.padding = 0.2,

segment.color = "lightgray",

direction = "y" # limits movement to x axis

#color = "white",

#arrow = arrow(

# length = unit(0.03, "npc"),

# type = "closed",

# ends = "first" )

) +

theme_bw() +

labs( title = "log( `GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)` ) - Fertility rate, total (births per woman) 1961 - 2018" )

36 financial world indices – time series plots

08/19/2020Allgemein, Data Analysis, Finance, Statistics, Stock MarketMartin Stoppacher

Sometimes it is realy nice to take a look at the big picture. In this case it is financial indices. In particular 36 of the major world indices. The data was pulled from the yahoo and ariva webpages. The timeseries plots show the full length of the datasets.

Major World Indices Monthly Return Data – Part 1

world_population_plots

06/23/2020Data Analysis, R, StatisticsMartin Stoppacher

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

browseURL(“https://data.worldbank.org/”)

browseURL(“https://data.worldbank.org/indicator”)

browseURL(“https://data.worldbank.org/country”)

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
# plots for all countries

print(countries$countries)

# - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #

# plots for all countries

print(countries$countries)

##   [1] Afghanistan                    Albania                       
##   [3] Algeria                        American Samoa                
##   [5] Andorra                        Angola                        
##   [7] Antigua and Barbuda            Argentina                     
##   [9] Armenia                        Aruba                         
##  [11] Australia                      Austria                       
##  [13] Azerbaijan                     Bahamas, The                  
##  [15] Bahrain                        Bangladesh                    
##  [17] Barbados                       Belarus                       
##  [19] Belgium                        Belize                        
##  [21] Benin                          Bermuda                       
##  [23] Bhutan                         Bolivia                       
##  [25] Bosnia and Herzegovina         Botswana                      
##  [27] Brazil                         British Virgin Islands        
##  [29] Brunei Darussalam              Bulgaria                      
##  [31] Burkina Faso                   Burundi                       
##  [33] Cabo Verde                     Cambodia                      
##  [35] Cameroon                       Canada                        
##  [37] Cayman Islands                 Central African Republic      
##  [39] Chad                           Channel Islands               
##  [41] Chile                          China                         
##  [43] Colombia                       Comoros                       
##  [45] Congo, Dem. Rep.               Congo, Rep.                   
##  [47] Costa Rica                     Cote d'Ivoire                 
##  [49] Croatia                        Cuba                          
##  [51] Curacao                        Cyprus                        
##  [53] Czech Republic                 Denmark                       
##  [55] Djibouti                       Dominica                      
##  [57] Dominican Republic             Ecuador                       
##  [59] Egypt, Arab Rep.               El Salvador                   
##  [61] Equatorial Guinea              Eritrea                       
##  [63] Estonia                        Eswatini                      
##  [65] Ethiopia                       Faroe Islands                 
##  [67] Fiji                           Finland                       
##  [69] France                         French Polynesia              
##  [71] Gabon                          Gambia, The                   
##  [73] Georgia                        Germany                       
##  [75] Ghana                          Gibraltar                     
##  [77] Greece                         Greenland                     
##  [79] Grenada                        Guam                          
##  [81] Guatemala                      Guinea                        
##  [83] Guinea-Bissau                  Guyana                        
##  [85] Haiti                          Honduras                      
##  [87] Hong Kong SAR, China           Hungary                       
##  [89] Iceland                        India                         
##  [91] Indonesia                      Iran, Islamic Rep.            
##  [93] Iraq                           Ireland                       
##  [95] Isle of Man                    Israel                        
##  [97] Italy                          Jamaica                       
##  [99] Japan                          Jordan                        
## [101] Kazakhstan                     Kenya                         
## [103] Kiribati                       Korea, Dem. People’s Rep.     
## [105] Korea, Rep.                    Kosovo                        
## [107] Kuwait                         Kyrgyz Republic               
## [109] Lao PDR                        Latvia                        
## [111] Lebanon                        Lesotho                       
## [113] Liberia                        Libya                         
## [115] Liechtenstein                  Lithuania                     
## [117] Luxembourg                     Macao SAR, China              
## [119] Madagascar                     Malawi                        
## [121] Malaysia                       Maldives                      
## [123] Mali                           Malta                         
## [125] Marshall Islands               Mauritania                    
## [127] Mauritius                      Mexico                        
## [129] Micronesia, Fed. Sts.          Moldova                       
## [131] Monaco                         Mongolia                      
## [133] Montenegro                     Morocco                       
## [135] Mozambique                     Myanmar                       
## [137] Namibia                        Nauru                         
## [139] Nepal                          Netherlands                   
## [141] New Caledonia                  New Zealand                   
## [143] Nicaragua                      Niger                         
## [145] Nigeria                        North Macedonia               
## [147] Northern Mariana Islands       Norway                        
## [149] Oman                           Pakistan                      
## [151] Palau                          Panama                        
## [153] Papua New Guinea               Paraguay                      
## [155] Peru                           Philippines                   
## [157] Poland                         Portugal                      
## [159] Puerto Rico                    Qatar                         
## [161] Romania                        Russian Federation            
## [163] Rwanda                         Samoa                         
## [165] San Marino                     Sao Tome and Principe         
## [167] Saudi Arabia                   Senegal                       
## [169] Serbia                         Seychelles                    
## [171] Sierra Leone                   Singapore                     
## [173] Sint Maarten (Dutch part)      Slovak Republic               
## [175] Slovenia                       Solomon Islands               
## [177] Somalia                        South Africa                  
## [179] South Sudan                    Spain                         
## [181] Sri Lanka                      St. Kitts and Nevis           
## [183] St. Lucia                      St. Martin (French part)      
## [185] St. Vincent and the Grenadines Sudan                         
## [187] Suriname                       Sweden                        
## [189] Switzerland                    Syrian Arab Republic          
## [191] Tajikistan                     Tanzania                      
## [193] Thailand                       Timor-Leste                   
## [195] Togo                           Tonga                         
## [197] Trinidad and Tobago            Tunisia                       
## [199] Turkey                         Turkmenistan                  
## [201] Turks and Caicos Islands       Tuvalu                        
## [203] Uganda                         Ukraine                       
## [205] United Arab Emirates           United Kingdom                
## [207] United States                  Uruguay                       
## [209] Uzbekistan                     Vanuatu                       
## [211] Venezuela, RB                  Vietnam                       
## [213] Virgin Islands (U.S.)          West Bank and Gaza            
## [215] Yemen, Rep.                    Zambia                        
## [217] Zimbabwe                      
## 217 Levels: Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra ... Zimbabwe

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

## [1] Afghanistan Albania

## [3] Algeria American Samoa

## [5] Andorra Angola

## [7] Antigua and Barbuda Argentina

## [9] Armenia Aruba

## [11] Australia Austria

## [13] Azerbaijan Bahamas, The

## [15] Bahrain Bangladesh

## [17] Barbados Belarus

## [19] Belgium Belize

## [21] Benin Bermuda

## [23] Bhutan Bolivia

## [25] Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana

## [27] Brazil British Virgin Islands

## [29] Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria

## [31] Burkina Faso Burundi

## [33] Cabo Verde Cambodia

## [35] Cameroon Canada

## [37] Cayman Islands Central African Republic

## [39] Chad Channel Islands

## [41] Chile China

## [43] Colombia Comoros

## [45] Congo, Dem. Rep. Congo, Rep.

## [47] Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire

## [49] Croatia Cuba

## [51] Curacao Cyprus

## [53] Czech Republic Denmark

## [55] Djibouti Dominica

## [57] Dominican Republic Ecuador

## [59] Egypt, Arab Rep. El Salvador

## [61] Equatorial Guinea Eritrea

## [63] Estonia Eswatini

## [65] Ethiopia Faroe Islands

## [67] Fiji Finland

## [69] France French Polynesia

## [71] Gabon Gambia, The

## [73] Georgia Germany

## [75] Ghana Gibraltar

## [77] Greece Greenland

## [79] Grenada Guam

## [81] Guatemala Guinea

## [83] Guinea-Bissau Guyana

## [85] Haiti Honduras

## [87] Hong Kong SAR, China Hungary

## [89] Iceland India

## [91] Indonesia Iran, Islamic Rep.

## [93] Iraq Ireland

## [95] Isle of Man Israel

## [97] Italy Jamaica

## [99] Japan Jordan

## [101] Kazakhstan Kenya

## [103] Kiribati Korea, Dem. People’s Rep.

## [105] Korea, Rep. Kosovo

## [107] Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic

## [109] Lao PDR Latvia

## [111] Lebanon Lesotho

## [113] Liberia Libya

## [115] Liechtenstein Lithuania

## [117] Luxembourg Macao SAR, China

## [119] Madagascar Malawi

## [121] Malaysia Maldives

## [123] Mali Malta

## [125] Marshall Islands Mauritania

## [127] Mauritius Mexico

## [129] Micronesia, Fed. Sts. Moldova

## [131] Monaco Mongolia

## [133] Montenegro Morocco

## [135] Mozambique Myanmar

## [137] Namibia Nauru

## [139] Nepal Netherlands

## [141] New Caledonia New Zealand

## [143] Nicaragua Niger

## [145] Nigeria North Macedonia

## [147] Northern Mariana Islands Norway

## [149] Oman Pakistan

## [151] Palau Panama

## [153] Papua New Guinea Paraguay

## [155] Peru Philippines

## [157] Poland Portugal

## [159] Puerto Rico Qatar

## [161] Romania Russian Federation

## [163] Rwanda Samoa

## [165] San Marino Sao Tome and Principe

## [167] Saudi Arabia Senegal

## [169] Serbia Seychelles

## [171] Sierra Leone Singapore

## [173] Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Slovak Republic

## [175] Slovenia Solomon Islands

## [177] Somalia South Africa

## [179] South Sudan Spain

## [181] Sri Lanka St. Kitts and Nevis

## [183] St. Lucia St. Martin (French part)

## [185] St. Vincent and the Grenadines Sudan

## [187] Suriname Sweden

## [189] Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic

## [191] Tajikistan Tanzania

## [193] Thailand Timor-Leste

## [195] Togo Tonga

## [197] Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia

## [199] Turkey Turkmenistan

## [201] Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu

## [203] Uganda Ukraine

## [205] United Arab Emirates United Kingdom

## [207] United States Uruguay

## [209] Uzbekistan Vanuatu

## [211] Venezuela, RB Vietnam

## [213] Virgin Islands (U.S.) West Bank and Gaza

## [215] Yemen, Rep. Zambia

## [217] Zimbabwe

## 217 Levels: Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra ... Zimbabwe

for(i in 2:length(indicator.select)){
#for(i in 2:10){

  #print(i)
  #par(mfrow=c(1,1))
  
  plot(ggplot(indicator.select, aes(x = indicator.select[,1], y = indicator.select[,i] )) +
    geom_line() +
    ggtitle(colnames(indicator.select)[i]) + 
    ylab(indicator.name) +
    xlab("year"))

  #Sys.sleep(1)
  #system(paste("open",name))
  #dir()
  
}

for(i in 2:length(indicator.select)){

#for(i in 2:10){

#print(i)

#par(mfrow=c(1,1))

plot(ggplot(indicator.select, aes(x = indicator.select[,1], y = indicator.select[,i] )) +

geom_line() +

ggtitle(colnames(indicator.select)[i]) +

ylab(indicator.name) +

xlab("year"))

#Sys.sleep(1)

#system(paste("open",name))

#dir()

}

– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

WB Indicators:

colnames(wbd.countries[[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>]])

1	colnames(wbd.countries[[<span class="hljs-number">1</span>]])

##    [1] "year"                                                                                                                                        
##    [2] "Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking (% of population)"                                                                        
##    [3] "Access to electricity (% of population)"                                                                                                     
##    [4] "Access to electricity, rural (% of rural population)"                                                                                        
##    [5] "Access to electricity, urban (% of urban population)"                                                                                        
##    [6] "Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population ages 15+)"                             
##    [7] "Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, female (% of population ages 15+)"                     
##    [8] "Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, male (% of population ages 15+)"                       
##    [9] "Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, older adults (% of population ages 25+)"               
##   [10] "Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, poorest 40% (% of population ages 15+)"                
##   [11] "Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, primary education or less (% of population ages 15+)"  
##   [12] "Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, richest 60% (% of population ages 15+)"                
##   [13] "Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, secondary education or more (% of population ages 15+)"
##   [14] "Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, young adults (% of population ages 15-24)"             
##   [15] "Adequacy of social insurance programs (% of total welfare of beneficiary households)"                                                        
##   [16] "Adequacy of social protection and labor programs (% of total welfare of beneficiary households)"                                             
##   [17] "Adequacy of social safety net programs (% of total welfare of beneficiary households)"                                                       
##   [18] "Adjusted net enrollment rate, primary (% of primary school age children)"                                                                    
##   [19] "Adjusted net enrollment rate, primary, female (% of primary school age children)"                                                            
##   [20] "Adjusted net enrollment rate, primary, male (% of primary school age children)"                                                              
##   [21] "Adjusted net national income (constant 2010 US$)"                                                                                            
##   [22] "Adjusted net national income (current US$)"                                                                                                  
##   [23] "Adjusted net national income per capita (constant 2010 US$)"                                                                                 
##   [24] "Adjusted net national income per capita (current US$)"                                                                                       
##   [25] "Adjusted net savings, excluding particulate emission damage (% of GNI)"                                                                      
##   [26] "Adjusted net savings, excluding particulate emission damage (current US$)"                                                                   
##   [27] "Adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI)"                                                                      
##   [28] "Adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (current US$)"                                                                   
##   [29] "Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (% of GNI)"                                                                                          
##   [30] "Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (current US$)"                                                                                       
##   [31] "Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)"                                                                                   
##   [32] "Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital (current US$)"                                                                                
##   [33] "Adjusted savings: education expenditure (% of GNI)"                                                                                          
##   [34] "Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$)"                                                                                       
##   [35] "Adjusted savings: energy depletion (% of GNI)"                                                                                               
##   [36] "Adjusted savings: energy depletion (current US$)"                                                                                            
##   [37] "Adjusted savings: gross savings (% of GNI)"                                                                                                  
##   [38] "Adjusted savings: mineral depletion (% of GNI)"                                                                                              
##   [39] "Adjusted savings: mineral depletion (current US$)"                                                                                           
##   [40] "Adjusted savings: natural resources depletion (% of GNI)"                                                                                    
##   [41] "Adjusted savings: net forest depletion (% of GNI)"                                                                                           
##   [42] "Adjusted savings: net forest depletion (current US$)"                                                                                        
##   [43] "Adjusted savings: net national savings (% of GNI)"                                                                                           
##   [44] "Adjusted savings: net national savings (current US$)"                                                                                        
##   [45] "Adjusted savings: particulate emission damage (% of GNI)"                                                                                    
##   [46] "Adjusted savings: particulate emission damage (current US$)"                                                                                 
##   [47] "Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)"                                                                               
##   [48] "Adolescents out of school (% of lower secondary school age)"                                                                                 
##   [49] "Adolescents out of school, female (% of female lower secondary school age)"                                                                  
##   [50] "Adolescents out of school, male (% of male lower secondary school age)"                                                                      
##   [51] "Adults (ages 15+) and children (ages 0-14) newly infected with HIV"                                                                          
##   [52] "Adults (ages 15+) newly infected with HIV"                                                                                                   
##   [53] "Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population)"                                                                                          
##   [54] "Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population)"                                                                                     
##   [55] "Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population)"                                                                                   
##   [56] "Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land)"                                                                                  
##   [57] "Agricultural land (% of land area)"                                                                                                          
##   [58] "Agricultural land (sq. km)"                                                                                                                  
##   [59] "Agricultural machinery, tractors"                                                                                                            
##   [60] "Agricultural machinery, tractors per 100 sq. km of arable land"                                                                              
##   [61] "Agricultural methane emissions (% of total)"                                                                                                 
##   [62] "Agricultural methane emissions (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent)"                                                                     
##   [63] "Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions (% of total)"                                                                                           
##   [64] "Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent)"                                                               
##   [65] "Agricultural raw materials exports (% of merchandise exports)"                                                                               
##   [66] "Agricultural raw materials imports (% of merchandise imports)"                                                                               
##   [67] "Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP)"                                                                                  
##   [68] "Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (annual % growth)"                                                                           
##   [69] "Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (constant 2010 US$)"                                                                         
##   [70] "Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (constant LCU)"                                                                              
##   [71] "Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current LCU)"                                                                               
##   [72] "Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current US$)"                                                                               
##   [73] "Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added per worker (constant 2010 US$)"                                                              
##   [74] "Air transport, freight (million ton-km)"                                                                                                     
##   [75] "Air transport, passengers carried"                                                                                                           
##   [76] "Air transport, registered carrier departures worldwide"                                                                                      
##   [77] "Annual freshwater withdrawals, agriculture (% of total freshwater withdrawal)"                                                               
##   [78] "Annual freshwater withdrawals, domestic (% of total freshwater withdrawal)"                                                                  
##   [79] "Annual freshwater withdrawals, industry (% of total freshwater withdrawal)"                                                                  
##   [80] "Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (% of internal resources)"                                                                              
##   [81] "Annual freshwater withdrawals, total (billion cubic meters)"                                                                                 
##   [82] "Antiretroviral therapy coverage (% of people living with HIV)"                                                                               
##   [83] "Antiretroviral therapy coverage for PMTCT (% of pregnant women living with HIV)"                                                             
##   [84] "Aquaculture production (metric tons)"                                                                                                        
##   [85] "Arable land (% of land area)"                                                                                                                
##   [86] "Arable land (hectares per person)"                                                                                                           
##   [87] "Arable land (hectares)"                                                                                                                      
##   [88] "ARI treatment (% of children under 5 taken to a health provider)"                                                                            
##   [89] "Armed forces personnel (% of total labor force)"                                                                                             
##   [90] "Armed forces personnel, total"                                                                                                               
##   [91] "Arms exports (SIPRI trend indicator values)"                                                                                                 
##   [92] "Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values)"                                                                                                 
##   [93] "Automated teller machines (ATMs) (per 100,000 adults)"                                                                                       
##   [94] "Average number of visits or required meetings with tax officials (for affected firms)"                                                       
##   [95] "Average precipitation in depth (mm per year)"                                                                                                
##   [96] "Average time to clear exports through customs (days)"                                                                                        
##   [97] "Average transaction cost of sending remittances to a specific country (%)"                                                                   
##   [98] "Average working hours of children, study and work, ages 7-14 (hours per week)"                                                               
##   [99] "Average working hours of children, study and work, female, ages 7-14 (hours per week)"                                                       
##  [100] "Average working hours of children, study and work, male, ages 7-14 (hours per week)"                                                         
##  [101] "Average working hours of children, working only, ages 7-14 (hours per week)"                                                                 
##  [102] "Average working hours of children, working only, female, ages 7-14 (hours per week)"                                                         
##  [103] "Average working hours of children, working only, male, ages 7-14 (hours per week)"                                                           
##  [104] "Bank capital to assets ratio (%)"                                                                                                            
##  [105] "Bank liquid reserves to bank assets ratio (%)"                                                                                               
##  [106] "Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%)"                                                                                           
##  [107] "Battle-related deaths (number of people)"                                                                                                    
##  [108] "Benefit incidence of social insurance programs to poorest quintile (% of total social insurance benefits)"                                   
##  [109] "Benefit incidence of social protection and labor programs to poorest quintile (% of total SPL benefits)"                                     
##  [110] "Benefit incidence of social safety net programs to poorest quintile (% of total safety net benefits)"                                        
##  [111] "Binding coverage, all products (%)"                                                                                                          
##  [112] "Binding coverage, manufactured products (%)"                                                                                                 
##  [113] "Binding coverage, primary products (%)"                                                                                                      
##  [114] "Bird species, threatened"                                                                                                                    
##  [115] "Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people)"                                                                                                        
##  [116] "Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total)"                                                                                        
##  [117] "Borrowers from commercial banks (per 1,000 adults)"                                                                                          
##  [118] "Bound rate, simple mean, all products (%)"                                                                                                   
##  [119] "Bound rate, simple mean, manufactured products (%)"                                                                                          
##  [120] "Bound rate, simple mean, primary products (%)"                                                                                               
##  [121] "Bribery incidence (% of firms experiencing at least one bribe payment request)"                                                              
##  [122] "Broad money (% of GDP)"                                                                                                                      
##  [123] "Broad money (current LCU)"                                                                                                                   
##  [124] "Broad money growth (annual %)"                                                                                                               
##  [125] "Broad money to total reserves ratio"                                                                                                         
##  [126] "Business extent of disclosure index (0=less disclosure to 10=more disclosure)"                                                               
##  [127] "Capture fisheries production (metric tons)"                                                                                                  
##  [128] "Cause of death, by communicable diseases and maternal, prenatal and nutrition conditions (% of total)"                                       
##  [129] "Cause of death, by injury (% of total)"                                                                                                      
##  [130] "Cause of death, by non-communicable diseases (% of total)"                                                                                   
##  [131] "Cereal production (metric tons)"                                                                                                             
##  [132] "Cereal yield (kg per hectare)"                                                                                                               
##  [133] "Charges for the use of intellectual property, payments (BoP, current US$)"                                                                   
##  [134] "Charges for the use of intellectual property, receipts (BoP, current US$)"                                                                   
##  [135] "Children (0-14) living with HIV"                                                                                                             
##  [136] "Children (ages 0-14) newly infected with HIV"                                                                                                
##  [137] "Children in employment, female (% of female children ages 7-14)"                                                                             
##  [138] "Children in employment, male (% of male children ages 7-14)"                                                                                 
##  [139] "Children in employment, study and work (% of children in employment, ages 7-14)"                                                             
##  [140] "Children in employment, study and work, female (% of female children in employment, ages 7-14)"                                              
##  [141] "Children in employment, study and work, male (% of male children in employment, ages 7-14)"                                                  
##  [142] "Children in employment, total (% of children ages 7-14)"                                                                                     
##  [143] "Children in employment, unpaid family workers (% of children in employment, ages 7-14)"                                                      
##  [144] "Children in employment, unpaid family workers, female (% of female children in employment, ages 7-14)"                                       
##  [145] "Children in employment, unpaid family workers, male (% of male children in employment, ages 7-14)"                                           
##  [146] "Children in employment, wage workers (% of children in employment, ages 7-14)"                                                               
##  [147] "Children in employment, wage workers, female (% of female children in employment, ages 7-14)"                                                
##  [148] "Children in employment, wage workers, male (% of male children in employment, ages 7-14)"                                                    
##  [149] "Children in employment, work only (% of children in employment, ages 7-14)"                                                                  
##  [150] "Children in employment, work only, female (% of female children in employment, ages 7-14)"                                                   
##  [151] "Children in employment, work only, male (% of male children in employment, ages 7-14)"                                                       
##  [152] "Children out of school (% of primary school age)"                                                                                            
##  [153] "Children out of school, female (% of female primary school age)"                                                                             
##  [154] "Children out of school, male (% of male primary school age)"                                                                                 
##  [155] "Children out of school, primary"                                                                                                             
##  [156] "Children out of school, primary, female"                                                                                                     
##  [157] "Children out of school, primary, male"                                                                                                       
##  [158] "Children with fever receiving antimalarial drugs (% of children under age 5 with fever)"                                                     
##  [159] "Claims on central government (annual growth as % of broad money)"                                                                            
##  [160] "Claims on central government, etc. (% GDP)"                                                                                                  
##  [161] "Claims on other sectors of the domestic economy (annual growth as % of broad money)"                                                         
##  [162] "Claims on private sector (annual growth as % of broad money)"                                                                                
##  [163] "CO2 emissions (kg per 2010 US$ of GDP)"                                                                                                      
##  [164] "CO2 emissions (kg per 2017 PPP $ of GDP)"                                                                                                    
##  [165] "CO2 emissions (kg per PPP $ of GDP)"                                                                                                         
##  [166] "CO2 emissions (kt)"                                                                                                                          
##  [167] "CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita)"                                                                                                      
##  [168] "CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (% of total)"                                                                                    
##  [169] "CO2 emissions from gaseous fuel consumption (kt)"                                                                                            
##  [170] "CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (% of total)"                                                                                     
##  [171] "CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption (kt)"                                                                                             
##  [172] "CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (% of total)"                                                                                      
##  [173] "CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption (kt)"                                                                                              
##  [174] "Coal rents (% of GDP)"                                                                                                                       
##  [175] "Commercial bank branches (per 100,000 adults)"                                                                                               
##  [176] "Commercial banks and other lending (PPG + PNG) (NFL, current US$)"                                                                           
##  [177] "Commercial service exports (current US$)"                                                                                                    
##  [178] "Commercial service imports (current US$)"                                                                                                    
##  [179] "Communications, computer, etc. (% of service exports, BoP)"                                                                                  
##  [180] "Communications, computer, etc. (% of service imports, BoP)"                                                                                  
##  [181] "Compensation of employees (% of expense)"                                                                                                    
##  [182] "Compensation of employees (current LCU)"                                                                                                     
##  [183] "Completeness of birth registration (%)"                                                                                                      
##  [184] "Completeness of birth registration, female (%)"                                                                                              
##  [185] "Completeness of birth registration, male (%)"                                                                                                
##  [186] "Completeness of birth registration, rural (%)"                                                                                               
##  [187] "Completeness of birth registration, urban (%)"                                                                                               
##  [188] "Compulsory education, duration (years)"                                                                                                      
##  [189] "Computer, communications and other services (% of commercial service exports)"                                                               
##  [190] "Computer, communications and other services (% of commercial service imports)"                                                               
##  [191] "Consumer price index (2010 = 100)"                                                                                                           
##  [192] "Consumption of iodized salt (% of households)"                                                                                               
##  [193] "Contraceptive prevalence, any methods (% of women ages 15-49)"                                                                               
##  [194] "Contraceptive prevalence, modern methods (% of women ages 15-49)"                                                                            
##  [195] "Contributing family workers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                         
##  [196] "Contributing family workers, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                             
##  [197] "Contributing family workers, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                           
##  [198] "Cost of business start-up procedures (% of GNI per capita)"                                                                                  
##  [199] "Cost of business start-up procedures, female (% of GNI per capita)"                                                                          
##  [200] "Cost of business start-up procedures, male (% of GNI per capita)"                                                                            
##  [201] "Cost to export, border compliance (US$)"                                                                                                     
##  [202] "Cost to export, documentary compliance (US$)"                                                                                                
##  [203] "Cost to import, border compliance (US$)"                                                                                                     
##  [204] "Cost to import, documentary compliance (US$)"                                                                                                
##  [205] "Coverage of social insurance programs (% of population)"                                                                                     
##  [206] "Coverage of social insurance programs in 2nd quintile (% of population)"                                                                     
##  [207] "Coverage of social insurance programs in 3rd quintile (% of population)"                                                                     
##  [208] "Coverage of social insurance programs in 4th quintile (% of population)"                                                                     
##  [209] "Coverage of social insurance programs in poorest quintile (% of population)"                                                                 
##  [210] "Coverage of social insurance programs in richest quintile (% of population)"                                                                 
##  [211] "Coverage of social protection and labor programs (% of population)"                                                                          
##  [212] "Coverage of social safety net programs (% of population)"                                                                                    
##  [213] "Coverage of social safety net programs in 2nd quintile (% of population)"                                                                    
##  [214] "Coverage of social safety net programs in 3rd quintile (% of population)"                                                                    
##  [215] "Coverage of social safety net programs in 4th quintile (% of population)"                                                                    
##  [216] "Coverage of social safety net programs in poorest quintile (% of population)"                                                                
##  [217] "Coverage of social safety net programs in richest quintile (% of population)"                                                                
##  [218] "CPIA building human resources rating (1=low to 6=high)"                                                                                      
##  [219] "CPIA business regulatory environment rating (1=low to 6=high)"                                                                               
##  [220] "CPIA debt policy rating (1=low to 6=high)"                                                                                                   
##  [221] "CPIA economic management cluster average (1=low to 6=high)"                                                                                  
##  [222] "CPIA efficiency of revenue mobilization rating (1=low to 6=high)"                                                                            
##  [223] "CPIA equity of public resource use rating (1=low to 6=high)"                                                                                 
##  [224] "CPIA financial sector rating (1=low to 6=high)"                                                                                              
##  [225] "CPIA fiscal policy rating (1=low to 6=high)"                                                                                                 
##  [226] "CPIA gender equality rating (1=low to 6=high)"                                                                                               
##  [227] "CPIA macroeconomic management rating (1=low to 6=high)"                                                                                      
##  [228] "CPIA policies for social inclusion/equity cluster average (1=low to 6=high)"                                                                 
##  [229] "CPIA policy and institutions for environmental sustainability rating (1=low to 6=high)"                                                      
##  [230] "CPIA property rights and rule-based governance rating (1=low to 6=high)"                                                                     
##  [231] "CPIA public sector management and institutions cluster average (1=low to 6=high)"                                                            
##  [232] "CPIA quality of budgetary and financial management rating (1=low to 6=high)"                                                                 
##  [233] "CPIA quality of public administration rating (1=low to 6=high)"                                                                              
##  [234] "CPIA social protection rating (1=low to 6=high)"                                                                                             
##  [235] "CPIA structural policies cluster average (1=low to 6=high)"                                                                                  
##  [236] "CPIA trade rating (1=low to 6=high)"                                                                                                         
##  [237] "CPIA transparency, accountability, and corruption in the public sector rating (1=low to 6=high)"                                             
##  [238] "Crop production index (2004-2006 = 100)"                                                                                                     
##  [239] "Current account balance (% of GDP)"                                                                                                          
##  [240] "Current account balance (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                                  
##  [241] "Current education expenditure, primary (% of total expenditure in primary public institutions)"                                              
##  [242] "Current education expenditure, secondary (% of total expenditure in secondary public institutions)"                                          
##  [243] "Current education expenditure, tertiary (% of total expenditure in tertiary public institutions)"                                            
##  [244] "Current education expenditure, total (% of total expenditure in public institutions)"                                                        
##  [245] "Current health expenditure (% of GDP)"                                                                                                       
##  [246] "Current health expenditure per capita (current US$)"                                                                                         
##  [247] "Current health expenditure per capita, PPP (current international $)"                                                                        
##  [248] "Customs and other import duties (% of tax revenue)"                                                                                          
##  [249] "Customs and other import duties (current LCU)"                                                                                               
##  [250] "Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people)"                                                                                                        
##  [251] "Debt service (PPG and IMF only, % of exports of goods, services and primary income)"                                                         
##  [252] "Debt service on external debt, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) (TDS, current US$)"                                                      
##  [253] "Debt service on external debt, total (TDS, current US$)"                                                                                     
##  [254] "DEC alternative conversion factor (LCU per US$)"                                                                                             
##  [255] "Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of married women with demand for family planning)"                                 
##  [256] "Depositors with commercial banks (per 1,000 adults)"                                                                                         
##  [257] "Depth of credit information index (0=low to 8=high)"                                                                                         
##  [258] "Diabetes prevalence (% of population ages 20 to 79)"                                                                                         
##  [259] "Diarrhea treatment (% of children under 5 receiving oral rehydration and continued feeding)"                                                 
##  [260] "Diarrhea treatment (% of children under 5 who received ORS packet)"                                                                          
##  [261] "Discrepancy in expenditure estimate of GDP (current LCU)"                                                                                    
##  [262] "Domestic credit to private sector (% of GDP)"                                                                                                
##  [263] "Domestic credit to private sector by banks (% of GDP)"                                                                                       
##  [264] "Domestic general government health expenditure (% of current health expenditure)"                                                            
##  [265] "Domestic general government health expenditure (% of GDP)"                                                                                   
##  [266] "Domestic general government health expenditure (% of general government expenditure)"                                                        
##  [267] "Domestic general government health expenditure per capita (current US$)"                                                                     
##  [268] "Domestic general government health expenditure per capita, PPP (current international $)"                                                    
##  [269] "Domestic private health expenditure (% of current health expenditure)"                                                                       
##  [270] "Domestic private health expenditure per capita (current US$)"                                                                                
##  [271] "Domestic private health expenditure per capita, PPP (current international $)"                                                               
##  [272] "Droughts, floods, extreme temperatures (% of population, average 1990-2009)"                                                                 
##  [273] "Ease of doing business index (1=most business-friendly regulations)"                                                                         
##  [274] "Ease of doing business score (0 = lowest performance to 100 = best performance)"                                                             
##  [275] "Educational attainment, at least completed lower secondary, population 25+, female (%) (cumulative)"                                         
##  [276] "Educational attainment, at least completed lower secondary, population 25+, male (%) (cumulative)"                                           
##  [277] "Educational attainment, at least completed lower secondary, population 25+, total (%) (cumulative)"                                          
##  [278] "Educational attainment, at least completed post-secondary, population 25+, female (%) (cumulative)"                                          
##  [279] "Educational attainment, at least completed post-secondary, population 25+, male (%) (cumulative)"                                            
##  [280] "Educational attainment, at least completed post-secondary, population 25+, total (%) (cumulative)"                                           
##  [281] "Educational attainment, at least completed primary, population 25+ years, female (%) (cumulative)"                                           
##  [282] "Educational attainment, at least completed primary, population 25+ years, male (%) (cumulative)"                                             
##  [283] "Educational attainment, at least completed primary, population 25+ years, total (%) (cumulative)"                                            
##  [284] "Educational attainment, at least completed upper secondary, population 25+, female (%) (cumulative)"                                         
##  [285] "Educational attainment, at least completed upper secondary, population 25+, male (%) (cumulative)"                                           
##  [286] "Educational attainment, at least completed upper secondary, population 25+, total (%) (cumulative)"                                          
##  [287] "Employers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                                           
##  [288] "Employers, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                                               
##  [289] "Employers, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                                             
##  [290] "Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                                    
##  [291] "Employment in agriculture, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                           
##  [292] "Employment in agriculture, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                               
##  [293] "Employment in industry (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                                       
##  [294] "Employment in industry, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                              
##  [295] "Employment in industry, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                                  
##  [296] "Employment in services (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                                       
##  [297] "Employment in services, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                              
##  [298] "Employment in services, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                                  
##  [299] "Employment to population ratio, 15+, female (%) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                                      
##  [300] "Employment to population ratio, 15+, female (%) (national estimate)"                                                                         
##  [301] "Employment to population ratio, 15+, male (%) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                                        
##  [302] "Employment to population ratio, 15+, male (%) (national estimate)"                                                                           
##  [303] "Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                                       
##  [304] "Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%) (national estimate)"                                                                          
##  [305] "Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, female (%) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                               
##  [306] "Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, female (%) (national estimate)"                                                                  
##  [307] "Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male (%) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                                 
##  [308] "Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, male (%) (national estimate)"                                                                    
##  [309] "Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                                
##  [310] "Employment to population ratio, ages 15-24, total (%) (national estimate)"                                                                   
##  [311] "Energy intensity level of primary energy (MJ/$2011 PPP GDP)"                                                                                 
##  [312] "Energy related methane emissions (% of total)"                                                                                               
##  [313] "Exclusive breastfeeding (% of children under 6 months)"                                                                                      
##  [314] "Expenditure on primary education (% of government expenditure on education)"                                                                 
##  [315] "Expenditure on secondary education (% of government expenditure on education)"                                                               
##  [316] "Expenditure on tertiary education (% of government expenditure on education)"                                                                
##  [317] "Expense (% of GDP)"                                                                                                                          
##  [318] "Expense (current LCU)"                                                                                                                       
##  [319] "Export unit value index (2000 = 100)"                                                                                                        
##  [320] "Export value index (2000 = 100)"                                                                                                             
##  [321] "Export volume index (2000 = 100)"                                                                                                            
##  [322] "Exports of goods and services (% of GDP)"                                                                                                    
##  [323] "Exports of goods and services (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                            
##  [324] "Exports of goods and services (constant 2010 US$)"                                                                                           
##  [325] "Exports of goods and services (current LCU)"                                                                                                 
##  [326] "Exports of goods and services (current US$)"                                                                                                 
##  [327] "Exports of goods, services and primary income (BoP, current US$)"                                                                            
##  [328] "External balance on goods and services (% of GDP)"                                                                                           
##  [329] "External balance on goods and services (current LCU)"                                                                                        
##  [330] "External balance on goods and services (current US$)"                                                                                        
##  [331] "External debt stocks (% of GNI)"                                                                                                             
##  [332] "External debt stocks, long-term (DOD, current US$)"                                                                                          
##  [333] "External debt stocks, private nonguaranteed (PNG) (DOD, current US$)"                                                                        
##  [334] "External debt stocks, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) (DOD, current US$)"                                                               
##  [335] "External debt stocks, short-term (DOD, current US$)"                                                                                         
##  [336] "External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$)"                                                                                              
##  [337] "External health expenditure (% of current health expenditure)"                                                                               
##  [338] "External health expenditure per capita (current US$)"                                                                                        
##  [339] "External health expenditure per capita, PPP (current international $)"                                                                       
##  [340] "Female headed households (% of households with a female head)"                                                                               
##  [341] "Female share of employment in senior and middle management (%)"                                                                              
##  [342] "Fertility rate, total (births per woman)"                                                                                                    
##  [343] "Fertilizer consumption (% of fertilizer production)"                                                                                         
##  [344] "Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land)"                                                                               
##  [345] "Final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)"                                                                                                    
##  [346] "Final consumption expenditure (constant 2010 US$)"                                                                                           
##  [347] "Final consumption expenditure (current LCU)"                                                                                                 
##  [348] "Final consumption expenditure (current US$)"                                                                                                 
##  [349] "Firms competing against unregistered firms (% of firms)"                                                                                     
##  [350] "Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials (% of firms)"                                                                    
##  [351] "Firms experiencing electrical outages (% of firms)"                                                                                          
##  [352] "Firms experiencing losses due to theft and vandalism (% of firms)"                                                                           
##  [353] "Firms formally registered when operations started (% of firms)"                                                                              
##  [354] "Firms offering formal training (% of firms)"                                                                                                 
##  [355] "Firms that spend on R&amp;D (% of firms)"                                                                                                        
##  [356] "Firms using banks to finance investment (% of firms)"                                                                                        
##  [357] "Firms using banks to finance working capital (% of firms)"                                                                                   
##  [358] "Firms visited or required meetings with tax officials (% of firms)"                                                                          
##  [359] "Firms with female participation in ownership (% of firms)"                                                                                   
##  [360] "Firms with female top manager (% of firms)"                                                                                                  
##  [361] "Fish species, threatened"                                                                                                                    
##  [362] "Fixed broadband subscriptions"                                                                                                               
##  [363] "Fixed broadband subscriptions (per 100 people)"                                                                                              
##  [364] "Fixed telephone subscriptions"                                                                                                               
##  [365] "Fixed telephone subscriptions (per 100 people)"                                                                                              
##  [366] "Food exports (% of merchandise exports)"                                                                                                     
##  [367] "Food imports (% of merchandise imports)"                                                                                                     
##  [368] "Food production index (2004-2006 = 100)"                                                                                                     
##  [369] "Foreign direct investment, net (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                           
##  [370] "Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)"                                                                                           
##  [371] "Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                   
##  [372] "Foreign direct investment, net outflows (% of GDP)"                                                                                          
##  [373] "Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                  
##  [374] "Forest area (% of land area)"                                                                                                                
##  [375] "Forest area (sq. km)"                                                                                                                        
##  [376] "Forest rents (% of GDP)"                                                                                                                     
##  [377] "Fuel exports (% of merchandise exports)"                                                                                                     
##  [378] "Fuel imports (% of merchandise imports)"                                                                                                     
##  [379] "GDP (constant 2010 US$)"                                                                                                                     
##  [380] "GDP (constant LCU)"                                                                                                                          
##  [381] "GDP (current LCU)"                                                                                                                           
##  [382] "GDP (current US$)"                                                                                                                           
##  [383] "GDP deflator (base year varies by country)"                                                                                                  
##  [384] "GDP deflator: linked series (base year varies by country)"                                                                                   
##  [385] "GDP growth (annual %)"                                                                                                                       
##  [386] "GDP per capita (constant 2010 US$)"                                                                                                          
##  [387] "GDP per capita (constant LCU)"                                                                                                               
##  [388] "GDP per capita (current LCU)"                                                                                                                
##  [389] "GDP per capita (current US$)"                                                                                                                
##  [390] "GDP per capita growth (annual %)"                                                                                                            
##  [391] "GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2017 international $)"                                                                                         
##  [392] "GDP per capita, PPP (current international $)"                                                                                               
##  [393] "GDP per person employed (constant 2017 PPP $)"                                                                                               
##  [394] "GDP, PPP (constant 2017 international $)"                                                                                                    
##  [395] "GDP, PPP (current international $)"                                                                                                          
##  [396] "GDP: linked series (current LCU)"                                                                                                            
##  [397] "General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)"                                                                                 
##  [398] "General government final consumption expenditure (constant 2010 US$)"                                                                        
##  [399] "General government final consumption expenditure (current LCU)"                                                                              
##  [400] "General government final consumption expenditure (current US$)"                                                                              
##  [401] "GNI (constant 2010 US$)"                                                                                                                     
##  [402] "GNI (current LCU)"                                                                                                                           
##  [403] "GNI (current US$)"                                                                                                                           
##  [404] "GNI per capita (constant 2010 US$)"                                                                                                          
##  [405] "GNI per capita (current LCU)"                                                                                                                
##  [406] "GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)"                                                                                                  
##  [407] "GNI per capita, PPP (constant 2017 international $)"                                                                                         
##  [408] "GNI per capita, PPP (current international $)"                                                                                               
##  [409] "GNI, Atlas method (current US$)"                                                                                                             
##  [410] "GNI, PPP (constant 2017 international $)"                                                                                                    
##  [411] "GNI, PPP (current international $)"                                                                                                          
##  [412] "GNI: linked series (current LCU)"                                                                                                            
##  [413] "Goods and services expense (% of expense)"                                                                                                   
##  [414] "Goods and services expense (current LCU)"                                                                                                    
##  [415] "Goods exports (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                                            
##  [416] "Goods imports (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                                            
##  [417] "Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP)"                                                                                       
##  [418] "Government expenditure on education, total (% of government expenditure)"                                                                    
##  [419] "Government expenditure per student, primary (% of GDP per capita)"                                                                           
##  [420] "Government expenditure per student, secondary (% of GDP per capita)"                                                                         
##  [421] "Government expenditure per student, tertiary (% of GDP per capita)"                                                                          
##  [422] "Grants and other revenue (% of revenue)"                                                                                                     
##  [423] "Grants and other revenue (current LCU)"                                                                                                      
##  [424] "Grants, excluding technical cooperation (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                  
##  [425] "Gross capital formation (% of GDP)"                                                                                                          
##  [426] "Gross capital formation (constant 2010 US$)"                                                                                                 
##  [427] "Gross capital formation (current LCU)"                                                                                                       
##  [428] "Gross capital formation (current US$)"                                                                                                       
##  [429] "Gross domestic savings (% of GDP)"                                                                                                           
##  [430] "Gross domestic savings (current LCU)"                                                                                                        
##  [431] "Gross domestic savings (current US$)"                                                                                                        
##  [432] "Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP)"                                                                                                    
##  [433] "Gross fixed capital formation (constant 2010 US$)"                                                                                           
##  [434] "Gross fixed capital formation (current LCU)"                                                                                                 
##  [435] "Gross fixed capital formation (current US$)"                                                                                                 
##  [436] "Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, female (% of relevant age group)"                                                    
##  [437] "Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, male (% of relevant age group)"                                                      
##  [438] "Gross intake ratio in first grade of primary education, total (% of relevant age group)"                                                     
##  [439] "Gross national expenditure (% of GDP)"                                                                                                       
##  [440] "Gross national expenditure (constant 2010 US$)"                                                                                              
##  [441] "Gross national expenditure (current LCU)"                                                                                                    
##  [442] "Gross national expenditure (current US$)"                                                                                                    
##  [443] "Gross savings (% of GDP)"                                                                                                                    
##  [444] "Gross savings (% of GNI)"                                                                                                                    
##  [445] "Gross savings (current LCU)"                                                                                                                 
##  [446] "Gross savings (current US$)"                                                                                                                 
##  [447] "Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (constant 2010 US$)"                                                                                 
##  [448] "Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (constant LCU)"                                                                                      
##  [449] "Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current LCU)"                                                                                       
##  [450] "Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current US$)"                                                                                       
##  [451] "Hospital beds (per 1,000 people)"                                                                                                            
##  [452] "Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)"                                                                              
##  [453] "Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (constant 2010 US$)"                                                                     
##  [454] "Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (current LCU)"                                                                           
##  [455] "Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (current US$)"                                                                           
##  [456] "Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure per capita (constant 2010 US$)"                                                          
##  [457] "Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure, PPP (constant 2017 international $)"                                                    
##  [458] "Households and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure, PPP (current international $)"                                                          
##  [459] "Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure: linked series (current LCU)"                                                            
##  [460] "Human capital index (HCI) (scale 0-1)"                                                                                                       
##  [461] "Human capital index (HCI), female (scale 0-1)"                                                                                               
##  [462] "Human capital index (HCI), female, lower bound (scale 0-1)"                                                                                  
##  [463] "Human capital index (HCI), female, upper bound (scale 0-1)"                                                                                  
##  [464] "Human capital index (HCI), lower bound (scale 0-1)"                                                                                          
##  [465] "Human capital index (HCI), male (scale 0-1)"                                                                                                 
##  [466] "Human capital index (HCI), male, lower bound (scale 0-1)"                                                                                    
##  [467] "Human capital index (HCI), male, upper bound (scale 0-1)"                                                                                    
##  [468] "Human capital index (HCI), upper bound (scale 0-1)"                                                                                          
##  [469] "IBRD loans and IDA credits (DOD, current US$)"                                                                                               
##  [470] "ICT goods imports (% total goods imports)"                                                                                                   
##  [471] "ICT service exports (% of service exports, BoP)"                                                                                             
##  [472] "ICT service exports (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                                      
##  [473] "IDA resource allocation index (1=low to 6=high)"                                                                                             
##  [474] "IFC, private nonguaranteed (NFL, current US$)"                                                                                               
##  [475] "IMF repurchases and charges (TDS, current US$)"                                                                                              
##  [476] "Immunization, DPT (% of children ages 12-23 months)"                                                                                         
##  [477] "Immunization, HepB3 (% of one-year-old children)"                                                                                            
##  [478] "Immunization, measles (% of children ages 12-23 months)"                                                                                     
##  [479] "Import unit value index (2000 = 100)"                                                                                                        
##  [480] "Import value index (2000 = 100)"                                                                                                             
##  [481] "Import volume index (2000 = 100)"                                                                                                            
##  [482] "Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)"                                                                                                    
##  [483] "Imports of goods and services (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                            
##  [484] "Imports of goods and services (constant 2010 US$)"                                                                                           
##  [485] "Imports of goods and services (current LCU)"                                                                                                 
##  [486] "Imports of goods and services (current US$)"                                                                                                 
##  [487] "Imports of goods, services and primary income (BoP, current US$)"                                                                            
##  [488] "Incidence of HIV (per 1,000 uninfected population ages 15-49)"                                                                               
##  [489] "Incidence of malaria (per 1,000 population at risk)"                                                                                         
##  [490] "Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 people)"                                                                                              
##  [491] "Increase in poverty gap at $1.90 ($ 2011 PPP) poverty line due to out-of-pocket health care expenditure (% of poverty line)"                 
##  [492] "Increase in poverty gap at $1.90 ($ 2011 PPP) poverty line due to out-of-pocket health care expenditure (USD)"                               
##  [493] "Increase in poverty gap at $3.20 ($ 2011 PPP) poverty line due to out-of-pocket health care expenditure (% of poverty line)"                 
##  [494] "Increase in poverty gap at $3.20 ($ 2011 PPP) poverty line due to out-of-pocket health care expenditure (USD)"                               
##  [495] "Individuals using the Internet (% of population)"                                                                                            
##  [496] "Industry (including construction), value added (% of GDP)"                                                                                   
##  [497] "Industry (including construction), value added (annual % growth)"                                                                            
##  [498] "Industry (including construction), value added (constant 2010 US$)"                                                                          
##  [499] "Industry (including construction), value added (constant LCU)"                                                                               
##  [500] "Industry (including construction), value added (current LCU)"                                                                                
##  [501] "Industry (including construction), value added (current US$)"                                                                                
##  [502] "Industry (including construction), value added per worker (constant 2010 US$)"                                                               
##  [503] "Inflation, consumer prices (annual %)"                                                                                                       
##  [504] "Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %)"                                                                                                          
##  [505] "Inflation, GDP deflator: linked series (annual %)"                                                                                           
##  [506] "Informal payments to public officials (% of firms)"                                                                                          
##  [507] "Insurance and financial services (% of commercial service exports)"                                                                          
##  [508] "Insurance and financial services (% of commercial service imports)"                                                                          
##  [509] "Insurance and financial services (% of service exports, BoP)"                                                                                
##  [510] "Insurance and financial services (% of service imports, BoP)"                                                                                
##  [511] "Intentional homicides (per 100,000 people)"                                                                                                  
##  [512] "Interest payments (% of expense)"                                                                                                            
##  [513] "Interest payments (% of revenue)"                                                                                                            
##  [514] "Interest payments (current LCU)"                                                                                                             
##  [515] "Internally displaced persons, new displacement associated with conflict and violence (number of cases)"                                      
##  [516] "Internally displaced persons, new displacement associated with disasters (number of cases)"                                                  
##  [517] "Internally displaced persons, total displaced by conflict and violence (number of people)"                                                   
##  [518] "International migrant stock (% of population)"                                                                                               
##  [519] "International migrant stock, total"                                                                                                          
##  [520] "International tourism, expenditures (% of total imports)"                                                                                    
##  [521] "International tourism, expenditures (current US$)"                                                                                           
##  [522] "International tourism, expenditures for passenger transport items (current US$)"                                                             
##  [523] "International tourism, expenditures for travel items (current US$)"                                                                          
##  [524] "International tourism, receipts (% of total exports)"                                                                                        
##  [525] "International tourism, receipts (current US$)"                                                                                               
##  [526] "International tourism, receipts for passenger transport items (current US$)"                                                                 
##  [527] "International tourism, receipts for travel items (current US$)"                                                                              
##  [528] "Investment in energy with private participation (current US$)"                                                                               
##  [529] "Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                            
##  [530] "Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, female (%) (national estimate)"                                                               
##  [531] "Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                              
##  [532] "Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, male (%) (national estimate)"                                                                 
##  [533] "Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                             
##  [534] "Labor force participation rate for ages 15-24, total (%) (national estimate)"                                                                
##  [535] "Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15-64) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                           
##  [536] "Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                             
##  [537] "Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15+) (national estimate)"                                                
##  [538] "Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15-64) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                               
##  [539] "Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                 
##  [540] "Labor force participation rate, male (% of male population ages 15+) (national estimate)"                                                    
##  [541] "Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15-64) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                             
##  [542] "Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                               
##  [543] "Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) (national estimate)"                                                  
##  [544] "Labor force with advanced education (% of total working-age population with advanced education)"                                             
##  [545] "Labor force with advanced education, female (% of female working-age population with advanced education)"                                    
##  [546] "Labor force with advanced education, male (% of male working-age population with advanced education)"                                        
##  [547] "Labor force with basic education (% of total working-age population with basic education)"                                                   
##  [548] "Labor force with basic education, female (% of female working-age population with basic education)"                                          
##  [549] "Labor force with basic education, male (% of male working-age population with basic education)"                                              
##  [550] "Labor force with intermediate education (% of total working-age population with intermediate education)"                                     
##  [551] "Labor force with intermediate education, female (% of female working-age population with intermediate education)"                            
##  [552] "Labor force with intermediate education, male (% of male working-age population with intermediate education)"                                
##  [553] "Labor force, female (% of total labor force)"                                                                                                
##  [554] "Labor force, total"                                                                                                                          
##  [555] "Labor tax and contributions (% of commercial profits)"                                                                                       
##  [556] "Land area (sq. km)"                                                                                                                          
##  [557] "Land under cereal production (hectares)"                                                                                                     
##  [558] "Lead time to export, median case (days)"                                                                                                     
##  [559] "Lead time to import, median case (days)"                                                                                                     
##  [560] "Lending interest rate (%)"                                                                                                                   
##  [561] "Level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources"                                              
##  [562] "Life expectancy at birth, female (years)"                                                                                                    
##  [563] "Life expectancy at birth, male (years)"                                                                                                      
##  [564] "Life expectancy at birth, total (years)"                                                                                                     
##  [565] "Lifetime risk of maternal death (%)"                                                                                                         
##  [566] "Lifetime risk of maternal death (1 in: rate varies by country)"                                                                              
##  [567] "Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above)"                                                                                
##  [568] "Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above)"                                                                                    
##  [569] "Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above)"                                                                                  
##  [570] "Literacy rate, youth (ages 15-24), gender parity index (GPI)"                                                                                
##  [571] "Literacy rate, youth female (% of females ages 15-24)"                                                                                       
##  [572] "Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15-24)"                                                                                           
##  [573] "Literacy rate, youth total (% of people ages 15-24)"                                                                                         
##  [574] "Livestock production index (2004-2006 = 100)"                                                                                                
##  [575] "Logistics performance index: Ability to track and trace consignments (1=low to 5=high)"                                                      
##  [576] "Logistics performance index: Competence and quality of logistics services (1=low to 5=high)"                                                 
##  [577] "Logistics performance index: Ease of arranging competitively priced shipments (1=low to 5=high)"                                             
##  [578] "Logistics performance index: Efficiency of customs clearance process (1=low to 5=high)"                                                      
##  [579] "Logistics performance index: Frequency with which shipments reach consignee within scheduled or expected time (1=low to 5=high)"             
##  [580] "Logistics performance index: Overall (1=low to 5=high)"                                                                                      
##  [581] "Logistics performance index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (1=low to 5=high)"                                        
##  [582] "Losses due to theft and vandalism (% of annual sales of affected firms)"                                                                     
##  [583] "Lower secondary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group)"                                                                           
##  [584] "Lower secondary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group)"                                                                             
##  [585] "Lower secondary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)"                                                                            
##  [586] "Lower secondary school starting age (years)"                                                                                                 
##  [587] "Mammal species, threatened"                                                                                                                  
##  [588] "Manufactures exports (% of merchandise exports)"                                                                                             
##  [589] "Manufactures imports (% of merchandise imports)"                                                                                             
##  [590] "Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP)"                                                                                                       
##  [591] "Manufacturing, value added (annual % growth)"                                                                                                
##  [592] "Manufacturing, value added (constant 2010 US$)"                                                                                              
##  [593] "Manufacturing, value added (constant LCU)"                                                                                                   
##  [594] "Manufacturing, value added (current LCU)"                                                                                                    
##  [595] "Manufacturing, value added (current US$)"                                                                                                    
##  [596] "Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births)"                                                                        
##  [597] "Maternal mortality ratio (national estimate, per 100,000 live births)"                                                                       
##  [598] "Medium and high-tech exports (% manufactured exports)"                                                                                       
##  [599] "Medium and high-tech Industry (including construction) (% manufacturing value added)"                                                        
##  [600] "Merchandise exports (current US$)"                                                                                                           
##  [601] "Merchandise exports by the reporting economy (current US$)"                                                                                  
##  [602] "Merchandise exports by the reporting economy, residual (% of total merchandise exports)"                                                     
##  [603] "Merchandise exports to economies in the Arab World (% of total merchandise exports)"                                                         
##  [604] "Merchandise exports to high-income economies (% of total merchandise exports)"                                                               
##  [605] "Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in East Asia &amp; Pacific (% of total merchandise exports)"                             
##  [606] "Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Europe &amp; Central Asia (% of total merchandise exports)"                           
##  [607] "Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Latin America &amp; the Caribbean (% of total merchandise exports)"                   
##  [608] "Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Middle East &amp; North Africa (% of total merchandise exports)"                      
##  [609] "Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in South Asia (% of total merchandise exports)"                                      
##  [610] "Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies in Sub-Saharan Africa (% of total merchandise exports)"                              
##  [611] "Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies outside region (% of total merchandise exports)"                                     
##  [612] "Merchandise exports to low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise exports)"                                      
##  [613] "Merchandise imports (current US$)"                                                                                                           
##  [614] "Merchandise imports by the reporting economy (current US$)"                                                                                  
##  [615] "Merchandise imports by the reporting economy, residual (% of total merchandise imports)"                                                     
##  [616] "Merchandise imports from economies in the Arab World (% of total merchandise imports)"                                                       
##  [617] "Merchandise imports from high-income economies (% of total merchandise imports)"                                                             
##  [618] "Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in East Asia &amp; Pacific (% of total merchandise imports)"                           
##  [619] "Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Europe &amp; Central Asia (% of total merchandise imports)"                         
##  [620] "Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Latin America &amp; the Caribbean (% of total merchandise imports)"                 
##  [621] "Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Middle East &amp; North Africa (% of total merchandise imports)"                    
##  [622] "Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in South Asia (% of total merchandise imports)"                                    
##  [623] "Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies in Sub-Saharan Africa (% of total merchandise imports)"                            
##  [624] "Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies outside region (% of total merchandise imports)"                                   
##  [625] "Merchandise imports from low- and middle-income economies within region (% of total merchandise imports)"                                    
##  [626] "Merchandise trade (% of GDP)"                                                                                                                
##  [627] "Methane emissions (% change from 1990)"                                                                                                      
##  [628] "Methane emissions (kt of CO2 equivalent)"                                                                                                    
##  [629] "Methane emissions in energy sector (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent)"                                                                 
##  [630] "Methodology assessment of statistical capacity (scale 0 - 100)"                                                                              
##  [631] "Military expenditure (% of GDP)"                                                                                                             
##  [632] "Military expenditure (% of general government expenditure)"                                                                                  
##  [633] "Military expenditure (current LCU)"                                                                                                          
##  [634] "Military expenditure (current USD)"                                                                                                          
##  [635] "Mineral rents (% of GDP)"                                                                                                                    
##  [636] "Mobile cellular subscriptions"                                                                                                               
##  [637] "Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people)"                                                                                              
##  [638] "Monetary Sector credit to private sector (% GDP)"                                                                                            
##  [639] "Mortality caused by road traffic injury (per 100,000 people)"                                                                                
##  [640] "Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD between exact ages 30 and 70 (%)"                                                                
##  [641] "Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD between exact ages 30 and 70, female (%)"                                                        
##  [642] "Mortality from CVD, cancer, diabetes or CRD between exact ages 30 and 70, male (%)"                                                          
##  [643] "Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution, age-standardized (per 100,000 population)"                                 
##  [644] "Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution, age-standardized, female (per 100,000 female population)"                  
##  [645] "Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution, age-standardized, male (per 100,000 male population)"                      
##  [646] "Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning (per 100,000 population)"                                                               
##  [647] "Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning, female (per 100,000 female population)"                                                
##  [648] "Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning, male (per 100,000 male population)"                                                    
##  [649] "Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (per 100,000 population)"                                   
##  [650] "Mortality rate, adult, female (per 1,000 female adults)"                                                                                     
##  [651] "Mortality rate, adult, male (per 1,000 male adults)"                                                                                         
##  [652] "Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births)"                                                                                              
##  [653] "Mortality rate, infant, female (per 1,000 live births)"                                                                                      
##  [654] "Mortality rate, infant, male (per 1,000 live births)"                                                                                        
##  [655] "Mortality rate, neonatal (per 1,000 live births)"                                                                                            
##  [656] "Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births)"                                                                                             
##  [657] "Mortality rate, under-5, female (per 1,000 live births)"                                                                                     
##  [658] "Mortality rate, under-5, male (per 1,000 live births)"                                                                                       
##  [659] "Multidimensional poverty headcount ratio (% of total population)"                                                                            
##  [660] "Multidimensional poverty headcount ratio, children (% of population ages 0-17)"                                                              
##  [661] "Multidimensional poverty index (scale 0-1)"                                                                                                  
##  [662] "Multidimensional poverty index, children (population ages 0-17) (scale 0-1)"                                                                 
##  [663] "Multidimensional poverty intensity (average share of deprivations experienced by the poor)"                                                  
##  [664] "Multilateral debt service (% of public and publicly guaranteed debt service)"                                                                
##  [665] "Multilateral debt service (TDS, current US$)"                                                                                                
##  [666] "Natural gas rents (% of GDP)"                                                                                                                
##  [667] "Net acquisition of financial assets (% of GDP)"                                                                                              
##  [668] "Net acquisition of financial assets (current LCU)"                                                                                           
##  [669] "Net barter terms of trade index (2000 = 100)"                                                                                                
##  [670] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Australia (current US$)"                                                                            
##  [671] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Austria (current US$)"                                                                              
##  [672] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Belgium (current US$)"                                                                              
##  [673] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Canada (current US$)"                                                                               
##  [674] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Czech Republic (current US$)"                                                                       
##  [675] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Denmark (current US$)"                                                                              
##  [676] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, European Union institutions (current US$)"                                                          
##  [677] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Finland (current US$)"                                                                              
##  [678] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, France (current US$)"                                                                               
##  [679] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Germany (current US$)"                                                                              
##  [680] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Greece (current US$)"                                                                               
##  [681] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Hungary (current US$)"                                                                              
##  [682] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Iceland (current US$)"                                                                              
##  [683] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Ireland (current US$)"                                                                              
##  [684] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Italy (current US$)"                                                                                
##  [685] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Japan (current US$)"                                                                                
##  [686] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Korea, Rep. (current US$)"                                                                          
##  [687] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Luxembourg (current US$)"                                                                           
##  [688] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Netherlands (current US$)"                                                                          
##  [689] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, New Zealand (current US$)"                                                                          
##  [690] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Norway (current US$)"                                                                               
##  [691] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Poland (current US$)"                                                                               
##  [692] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Portugal (current US$)"                                                                             
##  [693] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Slovak Republic (current US$)"                                                                      
##  [694] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Slovenia (current US$)"                                                                             
##  [695] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Spain (current US$)"                                                                                
##  [696] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Sweden (current US$)"                                                                               
##  [697] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Switzerland (current US$)"                                                                          
##  [698] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, Total (current US$)"                                                                                
##  [699] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, United Kingdom (current US$)"                                                                       
##  [700] "Net bilateral aid flows from DAC donors, United States (current US$)"                                                                        
##  [701] "Net capital account (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                                      
##  [702] "Net domestic credit (current LCU)"                                                                                                           
##  [703] "Net errors and omissions (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                                 
##  [704] "Net financial account (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                                    
##  [705] "Net financial flows, bilateral (NFL, current US$)"                                                                                           
##  [706] "Net financial flows, IBRD (NFL, current US$)"                                                                                                
##  [707] "Net financial flows, IDA (NFL, current US$)"                                                                                                 
##  [708] "Net financial flows, IMF concessional (NFL, current US$)"                                                                                    
##  [709] "Net financial flows, IMF nonconcessional (NFL, current US$)"                                                                                 
##  [710] "Net financial flows, multilateral (NFL, current US$)"                                                                                        
##  [711] "Net financial flows, others (NFL, current US$)"                                                                                              
##  [712] "Net financial flows, RDB concessional (NFL, current US$)"                                                                                    
##  [713] "Net financial flows, RDB nonconcessional (NFL, current US$)"                                                                                 
##  [714] "Net flows on external debt, private nonguaranteed (PNG) (NFL, current US$)"                                                                  
##  [715] "Net foreign assets (current LCU)"                                                                                                            
##  [716] "Net incurrence of liabilities, total (% of GDP)"                                                                                             
##  [717] "Net incurrence of liabilities, total (current LCU)"                                                                                          
##  [718] "Net intake rate in grade 1 (% of official school-age population)"                                                                            
##  [719] "Net intake rate in grade 1, female (% of official school-age population)"                                                                    
##  [720] "Net intake rate in grade 1, male (% of official school-age population)"                                                                      
##  [721] "Net investment in nonfinancial assets (% of GDP)"                                                                                            
##  [722] "Net investment in nonfinancial assets (current LCU)"                                                                                         
##  [723] "Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (% of GDP)"                                                                                              
##  [724] "Net lending (+) / net borrowing (-) (current LCU)"                                                                                           
##  [725] "Net migration"                                                                                                                               
##  [726] "Net ODA received (% of central government expense)"                                                                                          
##  [727] "Net ODA received (% of GNI)"                                                                                                                 
##  [728] "Net ODA received (% of gross capital formation)"                                                                                             
##  [729] "Net ODA received (% of imports of goods, services and primary income)"                                                                       
##  [730] "Net ODA received per capita (current US$)"                                                                                                   
##  [731] "Net official development assistance and official aid received (constant 2015 US$)"                                                           
##  [732] "Net official development assistance and official aid received (current US$)"                                                                 
##  [733] "Net official development assistance received (constant 2015 US$)"                                                                            
##  [734] "Net official development assistance received (current US$)"                                                                                  
##  [735] "Net official flows from UN agencies, FAO (current US$)"                                                                                      
##  [736] "Net official flows from UN agencies, IAEA (current US$)"                                                                                     
##  [737] "Net official flows from UN agencies, IFAD (current US$)"                                                                                     
##  [738] "Net official flows from UN agencies, ILO (current US$)"                                                                                      
##  [739] "Net official flows from UN agencies, UNDP (current US$)"                                                                                     
##  [740] "Net official flows from UN agencies, UNFPA (current US$)"                                                                                    
##  [741] "Net official flows from UN agencies, UNHCR (current US$)"                                                                                    
##  [742] "Net official flows from UN agencies, UNICEF (current US$)"                                                                                   
##  [743] "Net official flows from UN agencies, UNTA (current US$)"                                                                                     
##  [744] "Net official flows from UN agencies, WFP (current US$)"                                                                                      
##  [745] "Net official flows from UN agencies, WHO (current US$)"                                                                                      
##  [746] "Net primary income (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                                       
##  [747] "Net primary income (Net income from abroad) (current LCU)"                                                                                   
##  [748] "Net primary income (Net income from abroad) (current US$)"                                                                                   
##  [749] "Net secondary income (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                                     
##  [750] "Net secondary income (Net current transfers from abroad) (current LCU)"                                                                      
##  [751] "Net secondary income (Net current transfers from abroad) (current US$)"                                                                      
##  [752] "Net trade in goods (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                                       
##  [753] "Net trade in goods and services (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                          
##  [754] "New business density (new registrations per 1,000 people ages 15-64)"                                                                        
##  [755] "New businesses registered (number)"                                                                                                          
##  [756] "Newborns protected against tetanus (%)"                                                                                                      
##  [757] "Nitrous oxide emissions (% change from 1990)"                                                                                                
##  [758] "Nitrous oxide emissions (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent)"                                                                            
##  [759] "Nitrous oxide emissions in energy sector (% of total)"                                                                                       
##  [760] "Nitrous oxide emissions in energy sector (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent)"                                                           
##  [761] "Number of deaths ages 5-14 years"                                                                                                            
##  [762] "Number of infant deaths"                                                                                                                     
##  [763] "Number of maternal deaths"                                                                                                                   
##  [764] "Number of neonatal deaths"                                                                                                                   
##  [765] "Number of under-five deaths"                                                                                                                 
##  [766] "Nurses and midwives (per 1,000 people)"                                                                                                      
##  [767] "Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average)"                                                                                        
##  [768] "Oil rents (% of GDP)"                                                                                                                        
##  [769] "Ores and metals exports (% of merchandise exports)"                                                                                          
##  [770] "Ores and metals imports (% of merchandise imports)"                                                                                          
##  [771] "Other expense (% of expense)"                                                                                                                
##  [772] "Other expense (current LCU)"                                                                                                                 
##  [773] "Other greenhouse gas emissions (% change from 1990)"                                                                                         
##  [774] "Other greenhouse gas emissions, HFC, PFC and SF6 (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent)"                                                   
##  [775] "Other taxes (% of revenue)"                                                                                                                  
##  [776] "Other taxes (current LCU)"                                                                                                                   
##  [777] "Other taxes payable by businesses (% of commercial profits)"                                                                                 
##  [778] "Out-of-pocket expenditure (% of current health expenditure)"                                                                                 
##  [779] "Out-of-pocket expenditure per capita (current US$)"                                                                                          
##  [780] "Out-of-pocket expenditure per capita, PPP (current international $)"                                                                         
##  [781] "Over-age students, primary (% of enrollment)"                                                                                                
##  [782] "Over-age students, primary, female (% of female enrollment)"                                                                                 
##  [783] "Over-age students, primary, male (% of male enrollment)"                                                                                     
##  [784] "Part time employment, female (% of total female employment)"                                                                                 
##  [785] "Part time employment, male (% of total male employment)"                                                                                     
##  [786] "Part time employment, total (% of total employment)"                                                                                         
##  [787] "People practicing open defecation (% of population)"                                                                                         
##  [788] "People practicing open defecation, rural (% of rural population)"                                                                            
##  [789] "People practicing open defecation, urban (% of urban population)"                                                                            
##  [790] "People using at least basic drinking water services (% of population)"                                                                       
##  [791] "People using at least basic drinking water services, rural (% of rural population)"                                                          
##  [792] "People using at least basic drinking water services, urban (% of urban population)"                                                          
##  [793] "People using at least basic sanitation services (% of population)"                                                                           
##  [794] "People using at least basic sanitation services, rural (% of rural population)"                                                              
##  [795] "People using at least basic sanitation services, urban (% of urban population)"                                                              
##  [796] "People with basic handwashing facilities including soap and water (% of population)"                                                         
##  [797] "People with basic handwashing facilities including soap and water, rural (% of rural population)"                                            
##  [798] "People with basic handwashing facilities including soap and water, urban (% of urban population)"                                            
##  [799] "Periodicity and timeliness assessment of statistical capacity (scale 0 - 100)"                                                               
##  [800] "Permanent cropland (% of land area)"                                                                                                         
##  [801] "Persistence to grade 5, female (% of cohort)"                                                                                                
##  [802] "Persistence to grade 5, male (% of cohort)"                                                                                                  
##  [803] "Persistence to grade 5, total (% of cohort)"                                                                                                 
##  [804] "Persistence to last grade of primary, female (% of cohort)"                                                                                  
##  [805] "Persistence to last grade of primary, male (% of cohort)"                                                                                    
##  [806] "Persistence to last grade of primary, total (% of cohort)"                                                                                   
##  [807] "Personal remittances, paid (current US$)"                                                                                                    
##  [808] "Personal remittances, received (% of GDP)"                                                                                                   
##  [809] "Personal remittances, received (current US$)"                                                                                                
##  [810] "Personal transfers, receipts (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                             
##  [811] "Physicians (per 1,000 people)"                                                                                                               
##  [812] "Plant species (higher), threatened"                                                                                                          
##  [813] "PM2.5 air pollution, mean annual exposure (micrograms per cubic meter)"                                                                      
##  [814] "PM2.5 air pollution, population exposed to levels exceeding WHO guideline value (% of total)"                                                
##  [815] "PM2.5 pollution, population exposed to levels exceeding WHO Interim Target-1 value (% of total)"                                             
##  [816] "PM2.5 pollution, population exposed to levels exceeding WHO Interim Target-2 value (% of total)"                                             
##  [817] "PM2.5 pollution, population exposed to levels exceeding WHO Interim Target-3 value (% of total)"                                             
##  [818] "PNG, bonds (NFL, current US$)"                                                                                                               
##  [819] "PNG, commercial banks and other creditors (NFL, current US$)"                                                                                
##  [820] "Population ages 0-14 (% of total population)"                                                                                                
##  [821] "Population ages 0-14, female"                                                                                                                
##  [822] "Population ages 0-14, female (% of female population)"                                                                                       
##  [823] "Population ages 0-14, male"                                                                                                                  
##  [824] "Population ages 0-14, male (% of male population)"                                                                                           
##  [825] "Population ages 0-14, total"                                                                                                                 
##  [826] "Population ages 00-04, female (% of female population)"                                                                                      
##  [827] "Population ages 00-04, male (% of male population)"                                                                                          
##  [828] "Population ages 05-09, female (% of female population)"                                                                                      
##  [829] "Population ages 05-09, male (% of male population)"                                                                                          
##  [830] "Population ages 10-14, female (% of female population)"                                                                                      
##  [831] "Population ages 10-14, male (% of male population)"                                                                                          
##  [832] "Population ages 15-19, female (% of female population)"                                                                                      
##  [833] "Population ages 15-19, male (% of male population)"                                                                                          
##  [834] "Population ages 15-64 (% of total population)"                                                                                               
##  [835] "Population ages 15-64, female"                                                                                                               
##  [836] "Population ages 15-64, female (% of female population)"                                                                                      
##  [837] "Population ages 15-64, male"                                                                                                                 
##  [838] "Population ages 15-64, male (% of male population)"                                                                                          
##  [839] "Population ages 15-64, total"                                                                                                                
##  [840] "Population ages 20-24, female (% of female population)"                                                                                      
##  [841] "Population ages 20-24, male (% of male population)"                                                                                          
##  [842] "Population ages 25-29, female (% of female population)"                                                                                      
##  [843] "Population ages 25-29, male (% of male population)"                                                                                          
##  [844] "Population ages 30-34, female (% of female population)"                                                                                      
##  [845] "Population ages 30-34, male (% of male population)"                                                                                          
##  [846] "Population ages 35-39, female (% of female population)"                                                                                      
##  [847] "Population ages 35-39, male (% of male population)"                                                                                          
##  [848] "Population ages 40-44, female (% of female population)"                                                                                      
##  [849] "Population ages 40-44, male (% of male population)"                                                                                          
##  [850] "Population ages 45-49, female (% of female population)"                                                                                      
##  [851] "Population ages 45-49, male (% of male population)"                                                                                          
##  [852] "Population ages 50-54, female (% of female population)"                                                                                      
##  [853] "Population ages 50-54, male (% of male population)"                                                                                          
##  [854] "Population ages 55-59, female (% of female population)"                                                                                      
##  [855] "Population ages 55-59, male (% of male population)"                                                                                          
##  [856] "Population ages 60-64, female (% of female population)"                                                                                      
##  [857] "Population ages 60-64, male (% of male population)"                                                                                          
##  [858] "Population ages 65 and above (% of total population)"                                                                                        
##  [859] "Population ages 65 and above, female"                                                                                                        
##  [860] "Population ages 65 and above, female (% of female population)"                                                                               
##  [861] "Population ages 65 and above, male"                                                                                                          
##  [862] "Population ages 65 and above, male (% of male population)"                                                                                   
##  [863] "Population ages 65 and above, total"                                                                                                         
##  [864] "Population ages 65-69, female (% of female population)"                                                                                      
##  [865] "Population ages 65-69, male (% of male population)"                                                                                          
##  [866] "Population ages 70-74, female (% of female population)"                                                                                      
##  [867] "Population ages 70-74, male (% of male population)"                                                                                          
##  [868] "Population ages 75-79, female (% of female population)"                                                                                      
##  [869] "Population ages 75-79, male (% of male population)"                                                                                          
##  [870] "Population ages 80 and above, female (% of female population)"                                                                               
##  [871] "Population ages 80 and above, male (% of male population)"                                                                                   
##  [872] "Population density (people per sq. km of land area)"                                                                                         
##  [873] "Population growth (annual %)"                                                                                                                
##  [874] "Population in largest city"                                                                                                                  
##  [875] "Population in the largest city (% of urban population)"                                                                                      
##  [876] "Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million"                                                                                   
##  [877] "Population in urban agglomerations of more than 1 million (% of total population)"                                                           
##  [878] "Population living in slums (% of urban population)"                                                                                          
##  [879] "Population, female"                                                                                                                          
##  [880] "Population, female (% of total population)"                                                                                                  
##  [881] "Population, male"                                                                                                                            
##  [882] "Population, male (% of total population)"                                                                                                    
##  [883] "Population, total"                                                                                                                           
##  [884] "Portfolio equity, net inflows (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                            
##  [885] "Portfolio investment, bonds (PPG + PNG) (NFL, current US$)"                                                                                  
##  [886] "Portfolio investment, net (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                                
##  [887] "Poverty headcount ratio at national poverty lines (% of population)"                                                                         
##  [888] "Power outages in firms in a typical month (number)"                                                                                          
##  [889] "PPG, bonds (NFL, current US$)"                                                                                                               
##  [890] "PPG, commercial banks (NFL, current US$)"                                                                                                    
##  [891] "PPG, IBRD (DOD, current US$)"                                                                                                                
##  [892] "PPG, IDA (DOD, current US$)"                                                                                                                 
##  [893] "PPG, official creditors (NFL, current US$)"                                                                                                  
##  [894] "PPG, other private creditors (NFL, current US$)"                                                                                             
##  [895] "PPG, private creditors (NFL, current US$)"                                                                                                   
##  [896] "PPP conversion factor, GDP (LCU per international $)"                                                                                        
##  [897] "PPP conversion factor, private consumption (LCU per international $)"                                                                        
##  [898] "Pregnant women receiving prenatal care (%)"                                                                                                  
##  [899] "Preprimary education, duration (years)"                                                                                                      
##  [900] "Presence of peace keepers (number of troops, police, and military observers in mandate)"                                                     
##  [901] "Present value of external debt (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)"                                                         
##  [902] "Present value of external debt (% of GNI)"                                                                                                   
##  [903] "Present value of external debt (current US$)"                                                                                                
##  [904] "Prevalence of anemia among children (% of children under 5)"                                                                                 
##  [905] "Prevalence of anemia among non-pregnant women (% of women ages 15-49)"                                                                       
##  [906] "Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women (%)"                                                                                               
##  [907] "Prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age (% of women ages 15-49)"                                                                
##  [908] "Prevalence of HIV, female (% ages 15-24)"                                                                                                    
##  [909] "Prevalence of HIV, male (% ages 15-24)"                                                                                                      
##  [910] "Prevalence of HIV, total (% of population ages 15-49)"                                                                                       
##  [911] "Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population (%)"                                                                      
##  [912] "Prevalence of overweight, weight for height (% of children under 5)"                                                                         
##  [913] "Prevalence of overweight, weight for height, female (% of children under 5)"                                                                 
##  [914] "Prevalence of overweight, weight for height, male (% of children under 5)"                                                                   
##  [915] "Prevalence of severe food insecurity in the population (%)"                                                                                  
##  [916] "Prevalence of severe wasting, weight for height (% of children under 5)"                                                                     
##  [917] "Prevalence of severe wasting, weight for height, female (% of children under 5)"                                                             
##  [918] "Prevalence of severe wasting, weight for height, male (% of children under 5)"                                                               
##  [919] "Prevalence of stunting, height for age (% of children under 5)"                                                                              
##  [920] "Prevalence of stunting, height for age, female (% of children under 5)"                                                                      
##  [921] "Prevalence of stunting, height for age, male (% of children under 5)"                                                                        
##  [922] "Prevalence of undernourishment (% of population)"                                                                                            
##  [923] "Prevalence of underweight, weight for age (% of children under 5)"                                                                           
##  [924] "Prevalence of underweight, weight for age, female (% of children under 5)"                                                                   
##  [925] "Prevalence of underweight, weight for age, male (% of children under 5)"                                                                     
##  [926] "Prevalence of wasting, weight for height (% of children under 5)"                                                                            
##  [927] "Prevalence of wasting, weight for height, female (% of children under 5)"                                                                    
##  [928] "Prevalence of wasting, weight for height, male (% of children under 5)"                                                                      
##  [929] "Price level ratio of PPP conversion factor (GDP) to market exchange rate"                                                                    
##  [930] "Primary completion rate, female (% of relevant age group)"                                                                                   
##  [931] "Primary completion rate, male (% of relevant age group)"                                                                                     
##  [932] "Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group)"                                                                                    
##  [933] "Primary education, duration (years)"                                                                                                         
##  [934] "Primary education, pupils"                                                                                                                   
##  [935] "Primary education, pupils (% female)"                                                                                                        
##  [936] "Primary education, teachers"                                                                                                                 
##  [937] "Primary education, teachers (% female)"                                                                                                      
##  [938] "Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget (%)"                                                             
##  [939] "Primary income payments (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                                  
##  [940] "Primary income receipts (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                                  
##  [941] "Primary school starting age (years)"                                                                                                         
##  [942] "Private credit bureau coverage (% of adults)"                                                                                                
##  [943] "Probability of dying at age 5-14 years (per 1,000 children age 5)"                                                                           
##  [944] "Procedures to build a warehouse (number)"                                                                                                    
##  [945] "Procedures to register property (number)"                                                                                                    
##  [946] "Profit tax (% of commercial profits)"                                                                                                        
##  [947] "Progression to secondary school (%)"                                                                                                         
##  [948] "Progression to secondary school, female (%)"                                                                                                 
##  [949] "Progression to secondary school, male (%)"                                                                                                   
##  [950] "Proportion of population pushed below the $1.90 ($ 2011 PPP) poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure (%)"                      
##  [951] "Proportion of population spending more than 10% of household consumption or income on out-of-pocket health care expenditure (%)"             
##  [952] "Proportion of population spending more than 25% of household consumption or income on out-of-pocket health care expenditure (%)"             
##  [953] "Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%)"                                                                               
##  [954] "Proportion of women subjected to physical and/or sexual violence in the last 12 months (% of women age 15-49)"                               
##  [955] "Public and publicly guaranteed debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)"                                            
##  [956] "Public and publicly guaranteed debt service (% of GNI)"                                                                                      
##  [957] "Public credit registry coverage (% of adults)"                                                                                               
##  [958] "Public private partnerships investment in energy (current US$)"                                                                              
##  [959] "Pump price for diesel fuel (US$ per liter)"                                                                                                  
##  [960] "Pump price for gasoline (US$ per liter)"                                                                                                     
##  [961] "Pupil-teacher ratio, lower secondary"                                                                                                        
##  [962] "Pupil-teacher ratio, preprimary"                                                                                                             
##  [963] "Pupil-teacher ratio, primary"                                                                                                                
##  [964] "Pupil-teacher ratio, secondary"                                                                                                              
##  [965] "Pupil-teacher ratio, tertiary"                                                                                                               
##  [966] "Pupil-teacher ratio, upper secondary"                                                                                                        
##  [967] "Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                           
##  [968] "Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%) (national estimate)"                                                              
##  [969] "Real interest rate (%)"                                                                                                                      
##  [970] "Refugee population by country or territory of asylum"                                                                                        
##  [971] "Refugee population by country or territory of origin"                                                                                        
##  [972] "Renewable electricity output (% of total electricity output)"                                                                                
##  [973] "Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption)"                                                                          
##  [974] "Renewable internal freshwater resources per capita (cubic meters)"                                                                           
##  [975] "Renewable internal freshwater resources, total (billion cubic meters)"                                                                       
##  [976] "Repeaters, primary, female (% of female enrollment)"                                                                                         
##  [977] "Repeaters, primary, male (% of male enrollment)"                                                                                             
##  [978] "Repeaters, primary, total (% of total enrollment)"                                                                                           
##  [979] "Reserves and related items (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                               
##  [980] "Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP)"                                                                                                        
##  [981] "Revenue, excluding grants (current LCU)"                                                                                                     
##  [982] "Rural population"                                                                                                                            
##  [983] "Rural population (% of total population)"                                                                                                    
##  [984] "Rural population growth (annual %)"                                                                                                          
##  [985] "School enrollment, preprimary (% gross)"                                                                                                     
##  [986] "School enrollment, preprimary, female (% gross)"                                                                                             
##  [987] "School enrollment, preprimary, male (% gross)"                                                                                               
##  [988] "School enrollment, primary (% gross)"                                                                                                        
##  [989] "School enrollment, primary (% net)"                                                                                                          
##  [990] "School enrollment, primary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)"                                                                               
##  [991] "School enrollment, primary and secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)"                                                                 
##  [992] "School enrollment, primary, female (% gross)"                                                                                                
##  [993] "School enrollment, primary, female (% net)"                                                                                                  
##  [994] "School enrollment, primary, male (% gross)"                                                                                                  
##  [995] "School enrollment, primary, male (% net)"                                                                                                    
##  [996] "School enrollment, primary, private (% of total primary)"                                                                                    
##  [997] "School enrollment, secondary (% gross)"                                                                                                      
##  [998] "School enrollment, secondary (% net)"                                                                                                        
##  [999] "School enrollment, secondary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)"                                                                             
## [1000] "School enrollment, secondary, female (% gross)"                                                                                              
## [1001] "School enrollment, secondary, female (% net)"                                                                                                
## [1002] "School enrollment, secondary, male (% gross)"                                                                                                
## [1003] "School enrollment, secondary, male (% net)"                                                                                                  
## [1004] "School enrollment, secondary, private (% of total secondary)"                                                                                
## [1005] "School enrollment, tertiary (% gross)"                                                                                                       
## [1006] "School enrollment, tertiary (gross), gender parity index (GPI)"                                                                              
## [1007] "School enrollment, tertiary, female (% gross)"                                                                                               
## [1008] "School enrollment, tertiary, male (% gross)"                                                                                                 
## [1009] "Scientific and technical journal articles"                                                                                                   
## [1010] "Secondary education, duration (years)"                                                                                                       
## [1011] "Secondary education, general pupils"                                                                                                         
## [1012] "Secondary education, general pupils (% female)"                                                                                              
## [1013] "Secondary education, pupils"                                                                                                                 
## [1014] "Secondary education, pupils (% female)"                                                                                                      
## [1015] "Secondary education, teachers"                                                                                                               
## [1016] "Secondary education, teachers (% female)"                                                                                                    
## [1017] "Secondary education, teachers, female"                                                                                                       
## [1018] "Secondary education, vocational pupils"                                                                                                      
## [1019] "Secondary education, vocational pupils (% female)"                                                                                           
## [1020] "Secondary income receipts (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                                
## [1021] "Secondary income, other sectors, payments (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                
## [1022] "Secure Internet servers"                                                                                                                     
## [1023] "Secure Internet servers (per 1 million people)"                                                                                              
## [1024] "Self-employed, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                                       
## [1025] "Self-employed, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                                           
## [1026] "Self-employed, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                                         
## [1027] "Service exports (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                                          
## [1028] "Service imports (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                                          
## [1029] "Services, value added (% of GDP)"                                                                                                            
## [1030] "Services, value added (annual % growth)"                                                                                                     
## [1031] "Services, value added (constant 2010 US$)"                                                                                                   
## [1032] "Services, value added (constant LCU)"                                                                                                        
## [1033] "Services, value added (current LCU)"                                                                                                         
## [1034] "Services, value added (current US$)"                                                                                                         
## [1035] "Services, value added per worker (constant 2010 US$)"                                                                                        
## [1036] "Sex ratio at birth (male births per female births)"                                                                                          
## [1037] "Share of tariff lines with international peaks, all products (%)"                                                                            
## [1038] "Share of tariff lines with international peaks, manufactured products (%)"                                                                   
## [1039] "Share of tariff lines with international peaks, primary products (%)"                                                                        
## [1040] "Share of tariff lines with specific rates, all products (%)"                                                                                 
## [1041] "Share of tariff lines with specific rates, manufactured products (%)"                                                                        
## [1042] "Share of tariff lines with specific rates, primary products (%)"                                                                             
## [1043] "Share of youth not in education, employment or training, female (% of female youth population)"                                              
## [1044] "Share of youth not in education, employment or training, male (% of male youth population)"                                                  
## [1045] "Share of youth not in education, employment or training, total (% of youth population)"                                                      
## [1046] "Short-term debt (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)"                                                                        
## [1047] "Short-term debt (% of total external debt)"                                                                                                  
## [1048] "Short-term debt (% of total reserves)"                                                                                                       
## [1049] "Social contributions (% of revenue)"                                                                                                         
## [1050] "Social contributions (current LCU)"                                                                                                          
## [1051] "Source data assessment of statistical capacity (scale 0 - 100)"                                                                              
## [1052] "Specialist surgical workforce (per 100,000 population)"                                                                                      
## [1053] "Start-up procedures to register a business (number)"                                                                                         
## [1054] "Start-up procedures to register a business, female (number)"                                                                                 
## [1055] "Start-up procedures to register a business, male (number)"                                                                                   
## [1056] "Statistical Capacity score (Overall average)"                                                                                                
## [1057] "Strength of legal rights index (0=weak to 12=strong)"                                                                                        
## [1058] "Subsidies and other transfers (% of expense)"                                                                                                
## [1059] "Subsidies and other transfers (current LCU)"                                                                                                 
## [1060] "Suicide mortality rate (per 100,000 population)"                                                                                             
## [1061] "Suicide mortality rate, female (per 100,000 female population)"                                                                              
## [1062] "Suicide mortality rate, male (per 100,000 male population)"                                                                                  
## [1063] "Surface area (sq. km)"                                                                                                                       
## [1064] "Survival to age 65, female (% of cohort)"                                                                                                    
## [1065] "Survival to age 65, male (% of cohort)"                                                                                                      
## [1066] "Tariff rate, applied, simple mean, all products (%)"                                                                                         
## [1067] "Tariff rate, applied, simple mean, manufactured products (%)"                                                                                
## [1068] "Tariff rate, applied, simple mean, primary products (%)"                                                                                     
## [1069] "Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products (%)"                                                                                       
## [1070] "Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, manufactured products (%)"                                                                              
## [1071] "Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, primary products (%)"                                                                                   
## [1072] "Tariff rate, most favored nation, simple mean, all products (%)"                                                                             
## [1073] "Tariff rate, most favored nation, simple mean, manufactured products (%)"                                                                    
## [1074] "Tariff rate, most favored nation, simple mean, primary products (%)"                                                                         
## [1075] "Tariff rate, most favored nation, weighted mean, all products (%)"                                                                           
## [1076] "Tariff rate, most favored nation, weighted mean, manufactured products (%)"                                                                  
## [1077] "Tariff rate, most favored nation, weighted mean, primary products (%)"                                                                       
## [1078] "Tax payments (number)"                                                                                                                       
## [1079] "Tax revenue (% of GDP)"                                                                                                                      
## [1080] "Tax revenue (current LCU)"                                                                                                                   
## [1081] "Taxes less subsidies on products (constant LCU)"                                                                                             
## [1082] "Taxes less subsidies on products (current LCU)"                                                                                              
## [1083] "Taxes less subsidies on products (current US$)"                                                                                              
## [1084] "Taxes on exports (% of tax revenue)"                                                                                                         
## [1085] "Taxes on exports (current LCU)"                                                                                                              
## [1086] "Taxes on goods and services (% of revenue)"                                                                                                  
## [1087] "Taxes on goods and services (% value added of industry and services)"                                                                        
## [1088] "Taxes on goods and services (current LCU)"                                                                                                   
## [1089] "Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of revenue)"                                                                                   
## [1090] "Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of total taxes)"                                                                               
## [1091] "Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (current LCU)"                                                                                    
## [1092] "Taxes on international trade (% of revenue)"                                                                                                 
## [1093] "Taxes on international trade (current LCU)"                                                                                                  
## [1094] "Technical cooperation grants (BoP, current US$)"                                                                                             
## [1095] "Teenage mothers (% of women ages 15-19 who have had children or are currently pregnant)"                                                     
## [1096] "Terrestrial and marine protected areas (% of total territorial area)"                                                                        
## [1097] "Terrestrial protected areas (% of total land area)"                                                                                          
## [1098] "Tertiary education, academic staff (% female)"                                                                                               
## [1099] "Time required to build a warehouse (days)"                                                                                                   
## [1100] "Time required to enforce a contract (days)"                                                                                                  
## [1101] "Time required to get electricity (days)"                                                                                                     
## [1102] "Time required to obtain an operating license (days)"                                                                                         
## [1103] "Time required to register property (days)"                                                                                                   
## [1104] "Time required to start a business (days)"                                                                                                    
## [1105] "Time required to start a business, female (days)"                                                                                            
## [1106] "Time required to start a business, male (days)"                                                                                              
## [1107] "Time spent dealing with the requirements of government regulations (% of senior management time)"                                            
## [1108] "Time to export, border compliance (hours)"                                                                                                   
## [1109] "Time to export, documentary compliance (hours)"                                                                                              
## [1110] "Time to import, border compliance (hours)"                                                                                                   
## [1111] "Time to import, documentary compliance (hours)"                                                                                              
## [1112] "Time to obtain an electrical connection (days)"                                                                                              
## [1113] "Time to prepare and pay taxes (hours)"                                                                                                       
## [1114] "Time to resolve insolvency (years)"                                                                                                          
## [1115] "Total alcohol consumption per capita (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, 15+ years of age)"                                        
## [1116] "Total alcohol consumption per capita, female (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, female 15+ years of age)"                         
## [1117] "Total alcohol consumption per capita, male (liters of pure alcohol, projected estimates, male 15+ years of age)"                             
## [1118] "Total debt service (% of exports of goods, services and primary income)"                                                                     
## [1119] "Total debt service (% of GNI)"                                                                                                               
## [1120] "Total fisheries production (metric tons)"                                                                                                    
## [1121] "Total greenhouse gas emissions (% change from 1990)"                                                                                         
## [1122] "Total greenhouse gas emissions (kt of CO2 equivalent)"                                                                                       
## [1123] "Total natural resources rents (% of GDP)"                                                                                                    
## [1124] "Total reserves (% of total external debt)"                                                                                                   
## [1125] "Total reserves (includes gold, current US$)"                                                                                                 
## [1126] "Total reserves in months of imports"                                                                                                         
## [1127] "Total reserves minus gold (current US$)"                                                                                                     
## [1128] "Total tax and contribution rate (% of profit)"                                                                                               
## [1129] "Trade (% of GDP)"                                                                                                                            
## [1130] "Trade in services (% of GDP)"                                                                                                                
## [1131] "Transport services (% of commercial service exports)"                                                                                        
## [1132] "Transport services (% of commercial service imports)"                                                                                        
## [1133] "Transport services (% of service exports, BoP)"                                                                                              
## [1134] "Transport services (% of service imports, BoP)"                                                                                              
## [1135] "Travel services (% of commercial service exports)"                                                                                           
## [1136] "Travel services (% of commercial service imports)"                                                                                           
## [1137] "Travel services (% of service exports, BoP)"                                                                                                 
## [1138] "Travel services (% of service imports, BoP)"                                                                                                 
## [1139] "Tuberculosis case detection rate (%, all forms)"                                                                                             
## [1140] "Tuberculosis treatment success rate (% of new cases)"                                                                                        
## [1141] "UHC service coverage index"                                                                                                                  
## [1142] "Unemployment with advanced education (% of total labor force with advanced education)"                                                       
## [1143] "Unemployment with advanced education, female (% of female labor force with advanced education)"                                              
## [1144] "Unemployment with advanced education, male (% of male labor force with advanced education)"                                                  
## [1145] "Unemployment with basic education (% of total labor force with basic education)"                                                             
## [1146] "Unemployment with basic education, female (% of female labor force with basic education)"                                                    
## [1147] "Unemployment with basic education, male (% of male labor force with basic education)"                                                        
## [1148] "Unemployment with intermediate education (% of total labor force with intermediate education)"                                               
## [1149] "Unemployment with intermediate education, female (% of female labor force with intermediate education)"                                      
## [1150] "Unemployment with intermediate education, male (% of male labor force with intermediate education)"                                          
## [1151] "Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                                       
## [1152] "Unemployment, female (% of female labor force) (national estimate)"                                                                          
## [1153] "Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                                           
## [1154] "Unemployment, male (% of male labor force) (national estimate)"                                                                              
## [1155] "Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                                         
## [1156] "Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (national estimate)"                                                                            
## [1157] "Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15-24) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                      
## [1158] "Unemployment, youth female (% of female labor force ages 15-24) (national estimate)"                                                         
## [1159] "Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15-24) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                          
## [1160] "Unemployment, youth male (% of male labor force ages 15-24) (national estimate)"                                                             
## [1161] "Unemployment, youth total (% of total labor force ages 15-24) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                        
## [1162] "Unemployment, youth total (% of total labor force ages 15-24) (national estimate)"                                                           
## [1163] "Unmet need for contraception (% of married women ages 15-49)"                                                                                
## [1164] "Urban population"                                                                                                                            
## [1165] "Urban population (% of total population)"                                                                                                    
## [1166] "Urban population growth (annual %)"                                                                                                          
## [1167] "Use of IMF credit (DOD, current US$)"                                                                                                        
## [1168] "Use of insecticide-treated bed nets (% of under-5 population)"                                                                               
## [1169] "Value lost due to electrical outages (% of sales for affected firms)"                                                                        
## [1170] "Vitamin A supplementation coverage rate (% of children ages 6-59 months)"                                                                    
## [1171] "Vulnerable employment, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                               
## [1172] "Vulnerable employment, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                                   
## [1173] "Vulnerable employment, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                                 
## [1174] "Wage and salaried workers, female (% of female employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                           
## [1175] "Wage and salaried workers, male (% of male employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                               
## [1176] "Wage and salaried workers, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate)"                                                             
## [1177] "Wanted fertility rate (births per woman)"                                                                                                    
## [1178] "Women Business and the Law Index Score (scale 1-100)"                                                                                        
## [1179] "Women participating in the three decisions (own health care, major household purchases, and visiting family) (% of women age 15-49)"         
## [1180] "Women who believe a husband is justified in beating his wife (any of five reasons) (%)"                                                      
## [1181] "Women who believe a husband is justified in beating his wife when she argues with him (%)"                                                   
## [1182] "Women who believe a husband is justified in beating his wife when she burns the food (%)"                                                    
## [1183] "Women who believe a husband is justified in beating his wife when she goes out without telling him (%)"                                      
## [1184] "Women who believe a husband is justified in beating his wife when she neglects the children (%)"                                             
## [1185] "Women who believe a husband is justified in beating his wife when she refuses sex with him (%)"                                              
## [1186] "Women who were first married by age 15 (% of women ages 20-24)"                                                                              
## [1187] "Women who were first married by age 18 (% of women ages 20-24)"                                                                              
## [1188] "Women's share of population ages 15+ living with HIV (%)"

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## [1] "year"

## [2] "Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking (% of population)"

## [3] "Access to electricity (% of population)"

## [4] "Access to electricity, rural (% of rural population)"

## [5] "Access to electricity, urban (% of urban population)"

## [6] "Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population ages 15+)"

## [7] "Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, female (% of population ages 15+)"

## [8] "Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, male (% of population ages 15+)"

## [9] "Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, older adults (% of population ages 25+)"

## [10] "Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, poorest 40% (% of population ages 15+)"

## [11] "Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, primary education or less (% of population ages 15+)"

## [12] "Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, richest 60% (% of population ages 15+)"

## [13] "Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, secondary education or more (% of population ages 15+)"

## [14] "Account ownership at a financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider, young adults (% of population ages 15-24)"

## [15] "Adequacy of social insurance programs (% of total welfare of beneficiary households)"

## [16] "Adequacy of social protection and labor programs (% of total welfare of beneficiary households)"

## [17] "Adequacy of social safety net programs (% of total welfare of beneficiary households)"

## [18] "Adjusted net enrollment rate, primary (% of primary school age children)"

## [19] "Adjusted net enrollment rate, primary, female (% of primary school age children)"

## [20] "Adjusted net enrollment rate, primary, male (% of primary school age children)"

## [21] "Adjusted net national income (constant 2010 US$)"

## [22] "Adjusted net national income (current US$)"

## [23] "Adjusted net national income per capita (constant 2010 US$)"

## [24] "Adjusted net national income per capita (current US$)"

## [25] "Adjusted net savings, excluding particulate emission damage (% of GNI)"

## [26] "Adjusted net savings, excluding particulate emission damage (current US$)"

## [27] "Adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (% of GNI)"

## [28] "Adjusted net savings, including particulate emission damage (current US$)"

## [29] "Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (% of GNI)"

## [30] "Adjusted savings: carbon dioxide damage (current US$)"

## [31] "Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital (% of GNI)"

## [32] "Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital (current US$)"

## [33] "Adjusted savings: education expenditure (% of GNI)"

## [34] "Adjusted savings: education expenditure (current US$)"

## [35] "Adjusted savings: energy depletion (% of GNI)"

## [36] "Adjusted savings: energy depletion (current US$)"

## [37] "Adjusted savings: gross savings (% of GNI)"

## [38] "Adjusted savings: mineral depletion (% of GNI)"

## [39] "Adjusted savings: mineral depletion (current US$)"

## [40] "Adjusted savings: natural resources depletion (% of GNI)"

## [41] "Adjusted savings: net forest depletion (% of GNI)"

## [42] "Adjusted savings: net forest depletion (current US$)"

## [43] "Adjusted savings: net national savings (% of GNI)"

## [44] "Adjusted savings: net national savings (current US$)"

## [45] "Adjusted savings: particulate emission damage (% of GNI)"

## [46] "Adjusted savings: particulate emission damage (current US$)"

## [47] "Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)"

## [48] "Adolescents out of school (% of lower secondary school age)"

## [49] "Adolescents out of school, female (% of female lower secondary school age)"

## [50] "Adolescents out of school, male (% of male lower secondary school age)"

## [51] "Adults (ages 15+) and children (ages 0-14) newly infected with HIV"

## [52] "Adults (ages 15+) newly infected with HIV"

## [53] "Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population)"

## [54] "Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population)"

## [55] "Age dependency ratio, young (% of working-age population)"

## [56] "Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land)"

## [57] "Agricultural land (% of land area)"

## [58] "Agricultural land (sq. km)"

## [59] "Agricultural machinery, tractors"

## [60] "Agricultural machinery, tractors per 100 sq. km of arable land"

## [61] "Agricultural methane emissions (% of total)"

## [62] "Agricultural methane emissions (thousand metric tons of CO2 equivalent)"

## [63] "Agricultural nitrous oxide emissions (% of total)" &nbs

MST

Category Archives: Data Analysis

Calculating simple portfolio statistics with R

Data examples using World Bank Data

36 financial world indices – time series plots

world_population_plots

world_population_plots

MST

23 7 2020

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browseURL(“https://data.worldbank.org/”)

browseURL(“https://data.worldbank.org/indicator”)

browseURL(“https://data.worldbank.org/country”)

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WB Indicators: